Knowing who knows what and who knows whom: Expertise recognition,network recognition,and individual work performance

We tested the relationship between individuals' expertise recognition and work performance, the role of job resourcefulness (i.e. individuals' ability to garner resources to overcome obstacles) as a mediator, and network recognition as a moderator in the link between expertise recognition and job resourcefulness. We found that the positive impact of expertise recognition on work performance was mediated by job resourcefulness, but network recognition did not play a moderating role.     

国际探索中心暑期研修班通讯

国际探索中心行使教育功能的机构是成立于1987年的国际探索中心研究所。该研究所是北美地区最早从事此类学术性教育项目的机构．得到中心众多研究人员与专家学者的参与和支持。该研究所为学员提供人文主义思想和实践的教育科目．尤其关注世俗人文主义的模式和科学探索。     

What are effective phonological units in Cantonese spoken word planning?

Two picture—word interference experiments were conducted to investigate the nature of effective phonological units in Cantonese spoken word production. The names of the pictures were Cantonese monosyllables with a consonant 1 vowel 1 consonant (CVC) structure. Participants’ picture-naming responses were faster when the target (e.g., “star” /sing1/) and the distractor shared the same CVC component (e.g., /sing4/, meaning “city”), the same CV component (e.g., /sik6/, “eat”), or the same VC component (e.g., /ging2/, “region”), as opposed to when they were unrelated, and the facilitation effects observed were comparable in size. Also, similar facilitation effects were obtained across the CV1tone-related and the VC1tone-related conditions, whereas no reliable effect was found in the V1tone-related condition. These results indicate that an effective phonological unit in spoken word planning is neither a syllable (without tone) nor a segmental unit, and that the possible candidates lie between the two, at least in Cantonese.     

Personality, Meta-Mood Experience, Life Satisfaction, and Anxiety in Australian versus Singaporean Students

This study explores two issues concerning the relationships between personality, meta-mood experience, life satisfaction, and anxiety. First, it explored the incremental value of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience in predicting the three components of meta-mood experience (that is, attention to feelings, emotional clarity, clarity of feelings and mood repair), after controlling for demographic variables across Australia and Singapore. Second, it explored the incremental value of the three meta-mood experience components in predicting life satisfaction and anxiety, after controlling for demographic variables and personality variables across the two countries. One hundred and eighty nine tertiary students from Australia and 243 tertiary students from Singapore participated in this study. First, hierarchical regression analyses for both samples suggested that Agreeableness and Neuroticism are the two most important personality predictors of meta-mood experience, emotional attention, and emotional repair. Second, hierarchical regression analyses for both samples suggested that emotional repair was a significant predictor for life satisfaction and anxiety, even after controlling for demographic variables and personality variables. These results have implications for therapeutic interventions with life satisfaction versus anxiety. Funding for this research is facilitated partially by a research grant from the National Institute of Education.     

Measuring General Indecisiveness

Although indecisiveness seems to be a widespread problem, little empirical research has addressed its measurement. Frost and Shows (1993; Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 683–692) introduced the Indecisiveness Scale (IS) as a measure of individual differences in general indecisiveness. Although these authors conducted various psychometric analyses, some properties (e.g., factor structure, test-retest reliability) were not investigated. In the present studies, several reliability and validity indices were computed. First, four of the fifteen items of the IS were found to be omissible. Second, 4-week test-retest reliability was found to be satisfactory. Third, scores on the IS were found to correlate meaningfully with a concurrent measure of decision making, and with various scales of psychopathology. Lastly, in Study 4, the IS was found to predict scores on a behavioural measure of decision making, suggesting good predictive validity. Overall, these findings suggest that the IS has good psychometric properties.     

他们为何争辩?——良心自由与公共理性之间

伴随着许多历史经验和教训,以基督教新教文明的兴起为思想和制度背景,充分保障每个人良心的自由不受逼迫和免予恐惧成为人类宪法权利的核心理念之一;与此相应,宗教自由及其真正实现不可缺乏的表达自由、结社自由等基本权利为各国宪法所承认。在这些宪法权利被确认之初,宗教在道德和公共生活中具有毋庸置疑的地位,而且是抹不去的底色。然而,20世纪以来,在地球上许多地区保有和出现宗教复兴的同时,对于主要以基督教文明为文化主体的西方社会,宗教在社会和政治问题上的作用却日益衰微,传统宗教似乎已经失去了其道德力量。有研究提到,在欧洲历史…     

从野蛮必然性到野蛮同一性——对大卫·帕帕纽《思考意识》一书的质疑

对当前心灵哲学中的物理主义哲学家来说,他们的物理主义立场的底线是要捍卫关于意识的伴随性命题(the supervenience thesis)。根据这个命题,意识感受性(Qualia)必然地伴随着相应的大脑物理特性的产生而产生。换句话说,伴随性命题断言,“大脑的物理特性P的产生会导致相应的意识感受性Q的产生”这一陈述(简记为S)是必然真的,尽管这一陈述并不是先天真的。最初,物理主义哲学家为这一命题所提供的唯一理由是克里普克关于后天必然性(a posteriori necessity)的论述。克里普克在《命名与必然性》一书中曾提出和论证像“水是H2O”以及“晨星是…     

Emotional competencies and maladjustment in Singaporean adolescents

This study explores the relationships between four emotional competencies (i.e., intrapersonal skills, interpersonal skills, adaptability skills, and stress management skills) and four factors of maladjustment (i.e., antisocial behavior, anger control problems, emotional distress, and negative self problems) in 217 students from Singapore. Multiple regression findings indicated that stress management skills significantly predicted overall maladjustment, antisocial behavior, anger control problems, emotional distress, and negative self problems. With regard to the three remaining emotional competencies, interpersonal skills significantly predicted negative self problems, while intrapersonal skills and adaptability skills were not predictive of any of the four factors of maladjustment. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.