Demographic,psychosocial, and cultural predictors of entitlement in a multiethnic Canadian undergraduate sample

The current study sought to examine the demographic, psychosocial, and cultural predictors of psychological entitlement (PE) and academic entitlement (AE) and their impacts on psychological...     

第二语言阅读中的元认知

在第二语言习得领域,元认知自20世纪90年代中后期开始引起了研究者的关注并逐渐被应用于阅读、写作、听力和口语等各种教学实践中。该文以元认知结构的二分法为框架,说明了心理学研究者致力于探讨第二语言学习者通过元认知监控来使用元认知知识的内部加工过程的特点,并从影响第二语言阅读的自我观念、文本内容和策略使用意识等方面系统介绍了元认知知识、监控与第二语言阅读的关系,最后对元认知的研究方法进行了归纳和展望     

Fertile Ground for Community: Inner-City Neighborhood Common Spaces

Research suggests that the formation of neighborhood social ties (NSTs) may substantially depend on the informal social contact which occurs in neighborhood common spaces, and that in inner-city neighborhoods where common spaces are often barren no-man's lands, the presence of trees and grass supports common space use and informal social contact among neighbors. We found that for 145 urban public housing residents randomly assigned to 18 architecturally identical buildings, levels of vegetation in common spaces predict both use of common spaces and NSTs; further, use of common spaces mediated the relationship between vegetation and NSTS. In addition, vegetation and NSTs were significantly related to residents' senses of safety and adjustment. These findings suggest that the use and characteristics of common spaces may play a vital role in the natural growth of community, and that improving common spaces may be an especially productive focus for community organizing efforts in inner-city neighborhoods.     

Individual and sex differences in reminiscence

Inverted alphabet printing, rotary pursuit, and mirror tracking tasks were administered to 84 subjects in order to ascertain (a) reproducibility of reminiscence scores within and between tasks and (b)sex differences in reminiscence. With prerest performance levels held constant by second-order partial correlation procedures, reproducibility of individual reminiscence differences within tasks was significant but quite low, while predictability of reminiscence from one task to another was negligible. The sexes reminisced essentially alike on inverted alphabet printing, but females reminisced more than males on the other tasks, presumably because they were relatively more depressed by massed practice on these tasks. Thus, individual and sex differences were essentially task specific. Implications of results for reminiscence theories and for the credibility of alleged relationships between reminiscence and other organismic variables were discussed.     

Predictors of Acculturation for Chinese Adolescents in Canada: Age of Arrival,Length of Stay,Social Class,and English Reading Ability

In a sample of 506 Chinese adolescents living in Canada from 3 cohort groups, age at the time of arrival in Canada, length of stay in Canada, socioeconomic status, and English reading ability predicted acculturation. English reading ability and socioeconomic status predicted acculturative stress. There were within‐group cohort differences in acculturation characteristics. Implications for counseling are addressed. En una muestra de 506 adolescentes Chinos que viven en el Canadá de 3 cohortes, la edad de llegada a Canadá, el tiempo que vivieron en Canada, la posición socioeconómica, y la habilidad de leer Inglés predice la asimilación. La habilidad de leer Inglés y la posición socioeconómica que pronostico el estrés de asimilación. Estaban entre grupos de cohorte diferentes en características de asimilación. Las implicaciones para terapia se dirigen.     

工作倦怠结构的验证性因素分析

用所编制的工作倦怠问卷,先后对541名被试的调查,对工作倦怠的结构进行探讨。结果表明,工作倦怠由耗竭、人格解体和成就感降低三个因素构成。工作倦怠的三因素结构模型在三个职业样本的验证性因素分析中都得到了支持。工作倦怠问卷的信度与效度指标也都达到了心理测量学的要求。     

心理资本与工作绩效的关系:基于本土心理资本理论的视角

采用问卷调查法,以445名企业员工和MBA学员为调查对象,考察了本土心理资本与适应性绩效的关系。结果表明:(1)本土心理资本对任务绩效和周边绩效均有显著的预测作用;其中事务型心理资本对任务绩效的预测作用较强;而人际型心理资本对周边绩效的预测作用较强。(2)本土心理资本对适应性绩效有显著的正向预测作用;其中事务型心理资本主要影响了压力与应急管理、创新问题解决、岗位持续学习等维度,而人际型心理资本则主要影响了人际与文化适应和岗位持续学习等维度。(3)适应性绩效在事务型和人际型心理资本与周边绩效间起部分中介作用,在事务型心理资本与任务绩效间也起部分中介作用。(4)在控制事务型心理资本的前提下,人际型心理资本对适应性绩效和周边绩效仍有显著的预测作用,显示人际型心理资本的构念具备实证效度。     

Making Decisions for Other People: the Moderating Roles of Risky Information,Health Claims and Product Involvement

People tend to incorporate more variety seeking when they make purchasing decisions for others rather than for themselves because such behavior is perceived as a socially agreeable behavior. Building upon previous research, the present research seek to explore the underlying mechanisms and factors on the relationship between self-other difference and variety-seeking tendency. Risky information, health claims and consumer product involvement are used to examine the moderating effects on this relationship. The results indicate that people demonstrate less variety seeking in the presence of risky information than in the absence of risky information when purchasing products for themselves, while their variety-seeking behavior remains similar regardless of whether products have risky information when selecting products for others. In addition, people demonstrate more variety seeking in the presence of health claims than in the absence of health claims when purchasing products for themselves, while people tend to demonstrate less variety seeking in the presence of health claims than in the absence of health claims when selecting products for others. Moreover, people with high product involvement tend to demonstrate more variety seeking than do those with low involvement when selecting products for themselves, while they demonstrate similar variety seeking regardless of whether they have low or high involvement when purchasing products for others. Finally, the academic and practical implications are addressed.     

Intellectual intuition and Kant's epistemology

In order to construct culture‐inclusive theories of psychology to establish an autonomous academic tradition of Confucian humanism, this article provides a commentary on Zongshan Mou's philosophy of intellectual intuition (智的直覺) as well as his systematic bias in translating Kant's epistemology of transcendental idealism (先驗理念論) into Chinese as ‘transcendent idealism’ (超越觀念論). I will demonstrate that his systematic bias in translating Kant's epistemology into Chinese may hinder his followers in developing a comprehensive understanding of the dialectical relationships among various paradigms of the Western philosophy of science, while his philosophy of intellectual intuition not only deviates from the original philosophical stance of pre‐Qin Confucians towards Heaven (天) and Dao (道), but also leads to his misunderstanding of Zhu Xi's philosophy and exploration of human nature (性), which may help us to understand the necessity of a psychodynamic model of cultural psychology with its emphasis on collective unconsciousness instead of the metaphor of Height Psychology.     

Enhanced neuronal excitability in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons following trace eyeblink conditioning acquisition is not due to alterations in I M

Previous work done by our laboratory has demonstrated a reduction of the post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) and accommodation following trace eyeblink conditioning in rabbit CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our laboratory has also demonstrated a reduction in the AHP in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons following spatial learning. In the current study we have extended our findings in rabbits by showing a reduction in both the AHP and accommodation in F344 X BN rat CA1 pyramidal neurons following acquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning. A component current of the AHP, I(M), was evaluated with a specific blocker of this current, and showed no apparent contribution to the learning-related increase in neuronal excitability. Rather, a reduction in an isoproterenol-sensitive component of the AHP, presumably sI(AHP), was observed to underlie the learning-specific change.