Levels-of-processing effects on Chinese character completion: The importance of lexical processing and test cue

The levels of processing (LoP) effect was studied in Chinese character completion tasks. The same stem cue, either graphemically or semantically related to the target character, was used to generate either a perceptual or a conceptual test. Participants received either direct or indirect instructions, so that the same stem cue also produced either an explicit or an implicit test of memory. This allowed us to examine simultaneously the roles of perceptual versus conceptual test and retrieval intentionality in the LoP effect. No LoP effects were found when the memory test was implicit. LoP effects were also not found for stems and characters related graphemically (perceptually), but were found for stems and characters related semantically (conceptually) when the memory test was explicit. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of lexical processing for character completion tests and the importance of reinstatement of the study process during retrieval for explicit memory tests.     

有关工作记忆的压力下"Choking"

压力下“Choking”（Choking under pressure）是指在压力下,一种习惯的作业过程发生衰变的现象。最近研究发现,工作记忆高的个体更容易出现压力下“Choking”,原因可能是由于工作记忆高的个体在解决问题时更依赖于工作记忆系统,支持了干扰说。这方面的研究存在着实验材料过于单一、大多采用行为实验而很少采用现代神经科学技术进行研究等问题,这可能也是未来研究的方向。     

和谐社会与优雅生存

笔者在2000年出版的<理论伦理学>(湖北人民出版社)中曾把"幸福与和谐"作为其主题,专门从价值论和伦理学的角度讨论了人生幸福、社会和谐、世界和谐、宇宙和谐及其相互关系.在2004年出版的<走向优雅生存:21世纪中国社会价值选择研究>(中国社会科学出版社)中,笔者提出优雅生存是当代人类的应有选择,并对如何走向优雅生存进行了系统研究.本文试图从价值论和伦理学的角度对生存方式转换与和谐社会建设的关系做些阐释.     

Framing Charity Advertising: Influences of Message Framing,Image Valence,and Temporal Framing on a Charitable Appeal1

This study examined when and how charitable advertisements could be effective in the context of child poverty. An experiment investigated the influences of message framing, image valence, and temporal framing on a charitable appeal. The results indicate that image valence enhances framing effects on advertising effectiveness of a charitable appeal when the image is congruent with the framed message, especially when the image and the message are presented negatively. A short‐term temporal frame facilitates effects of a negatively framed message with a negative pictorial presentation. Alternatively, a long‐term temporal frame increases advertising influences of a positively framed message with a positive pictorial image. Relevance for information processing of charity advertising is discussed.     

The application of the satir model of family therapy to the families in Hong Kong: A personal reflection

Practitioners in Hong Kong have shown an increasing interest in various family therapy approaches since the 1980s. This paper offers a critique of the major concepts and techniques of the Satir model applied to families in Hong Kong. Cultural considerations are examined in relation to the family structure and hierarchy, the Chinese self and self-esteem, communication patterns, and family rules. Implications for the application of the Satir model of family therapy in Hong Kong are discussed.