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21.
Norris FH Baker CK Murphy AD Kaniasty K 《American journal of community psychology》2005,36(1-2):15-28
Samples of adults representative of Teziutlán, Puebla, and Villahermosa, Tobasco, were interviewed 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the devastating 1999 flood and mudslides. The interview contained multiple measures of social support that had been normed for Mexico. Comparisons between sample data and population norms suggested minimal mobilization of received support and substantial deterioration of perceived support and social embeddedness. Social support was lowest in Teziutlán, which had experienced mass casualties and displacement, and among women and persons of lower educational attainment. Disparities according to gender, context, and education grew larger as time passed. The results provide compelling evidence that the international health community must be mindful of social as well as psychological functioning when disasters strike the developing world. 相似文献
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This paper surveys the similarities and differences between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The
review covers findings primarily from neuropsychological studies on memory, language, attention/executive function, and visuospatial
abilities. However, neuropsychiatric and neuroimaging data are also briefly discussed. Distinguishing features of both FTD
and AD are described in order to present a comprehensive clinical picture of these dementing diseases, which is essential
for the process of differential diagnosis. The cause of specific cognitive deficits is also considered. Our comprehensive
review of the empirical literature reveals that AD is characterized by early memory loss and visuospatial problems, while
among the main features of FTD are behavioral abnormalities and executive dysfunctions. 相似文献
23.
Kaczmarski Mikołaj Kaczmarek Jan M. Kowalski Krzysztof Borowski Karol Kęsy Jacek Kloskowski Janusz 《Animal cognition》2023,26(5):1705-1711
Animal Cognition - The efficiency of aposematic colouration of prey is based on the innate bias or facilitation of avoidance learning of predators. In many toxic bufonids, larvae are uniformly... 相似文献
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Dariusz Drążkowski Jakub Szwedo Aleksandra Krajczewska Anna Adamczuk Krzysztof Piątkowski Marcin Jadwiżyc Adam Rakowski 《International journal of psychology》2017,52(5):415-419
Prior research has shown that females are less field independent (FI) than males. However, when gender identity is salient, performance on tests assessing constructs similar to FI may be hindered, because of stereotype threat. This study examined the impact of stereotype threat on gender differences in FI. We expected that (a) reporting one's own gender prior to FI testing and (b) having an opposite‐gender experimenter would activate stereotype threat, and in turn result in lower performance on a test of FI among females. Overall, 170 participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions in a between‐participants design varying the participant's gender, experimenter's gender and timing of the gender question (before vs. after test). Results showed that reporting one's gender before the FI test led to lower FI performance among females. Furthermore, females achieved higher FI when experimenters were females and gender questions were administered after the FI test. 相似文献
26.
Krzysztof Zuba 《宗教、国家与社会》2017,45(2):87-105
The period between 2001 and 2015 brought two events in Poland that deserve to be called phenomena. In 2001 the rightist, clericalist League of Polish Families entered the Sejm. Ten years later, the leftist, anticlericalist Palikot Movement achieved spectacular success in the 2011 elections. These events give a picture of a radical shift in the Polish political scene: a rightist clericalist party disappeared from the right flank of the political scene, while a new, leftist-anticlericalist formation appeared. The article makes reference to a set of five explanations on both the causes and consequences (and permanence) of the observed changes. I argue that only a concurrence of a number of complementary factors – global (secularisation, right-wing populism, postmodernism); structural (changing patterns of rivalry between Polish political parties); and periodic (critical events) – allows us to explain both the radical shift in ‘religious’ voting and the success of politically extreme parties. In total, these conditions make up an ‘opportunity structure’ within which only a set of mutually conditioning factors can bring about such a critical shift. 相似文献
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Krzysztof Kielkiewicz Ciarán Ó'Mathúna Christopher McLaughlin Daniel Boduszek 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2019,40(2):187-204
Spirituality is a phenomenon which continues to attract much interest in the Western culture. Throughout the years, it has changed in form and developed in understanding. It has become unprecedentedly broad and embraced by many people, even those who do not consider themselves to be religious. Indeed, spirituality is a subject of debate within academic and non-academic circles regarding its shape, place, function, and definition. This debate and the academic investigation reveals that as a field of study it is undergoing intense and vigorous development. However, there are a number of conceptual deficiencies which need attention, namely; identity and method. The aim of this study is to develop the concept of spirituality according to the current European population. The study applies Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and finds current spirituality functioning as a three-dimensional model composed of transcendence, immanence, and purpose. This concept is predicted by 13 independent variables. The findings conclude that current spirituality is a person’s individual existential dimension, being subject to change through the influence of various psychological, religious and social factors. The findings of the research describe its practical implication within formational social fields such as education, counselling, and psychotherapy. 相似文献
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Placing Age Differences in Cultural Context: A Comparison of the Effects of Age on PTSD After Disasters in the United States, Mexico, and Poland 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fran H. Norris Krzysztof Kaniasty M. Lori Conrad Gregory L. Inman Arthur D. Murphy 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》2002,8(3):153-173
Criterion symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were measured 6–12 months after Hurricane Andrew in the United States (non-Hispanic n = 270), Hurricane Paulina in Mexico (n = 200), and the 1997 flood in Poland (n = 285), using English, Spanish, and Polish versions of the Revised Civilian Mississippi Scale. The samples ranged in age from 18 to 88. Linear and quadratic effects of age were tested by using hierarchical multiple regression, with the effects of gender, trauma, and education controlled. Among Americans, age had a curvilinear relation with PTSD such that middle-aged respondents were most distressed. Among Mexicans, age had a linear and negative relation with PTSD such that younger people were most distressed. Among Poles, age had a linear and positive relation with PTSD such that older people were most distressed. Thus, there was no one consistent effect of age; rather, it depended upon the social, economic, cultural, and historical context of the disaster-stricken setting. 相似文献
29.
Krzysztof Ziarek 《Continental Philosophy Review》2000,33(2):133-158
Explicating Heidegger's and Irigaray's critiques of difference, this essay proposes a new approach to the crucial concept of relationship in their thought. Articulated as proximity rather than difference, such relationality works in a manner that is non-appropriative and free from power. The essay shows that at the center of Heidegger's questioning of being is not the ontico-ontological difference but the notion of nearness (Nähe), elaborated by Heidegger as a critique of the metaphysical logic of difference and relation. Linking Heidegger's nearness with his critique of power in the recently published Besinnung, the essay explains how such relationality exceeds the parameters of power (machtlos). The remainder of the essay investigates the way in which Irigaray's reformulation of sexual difference as an ethics of proximity similarly calls into question the differential economy of being and aims at a new model of non-appropriative relation. While Heidegger links the change in relation from power to letting be to a decisive confrontation with modern technicity, Irigaray criticizes this approach and reformulates the question of technology through the prism of sexual difference. By taking into account the often ignored aspects of Irigaray's thought - temporality, event, proximity - the essay situates Irigaray's ethics and culture of sexual difference not only beyond the discussions of essentialism but also outside the equality-difference debates. 相似文献
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Continental Philosophy Review - 相似文献