Eigensinn und Psychose, Peer-Beratung und Psychotherapie

The narrow concepts of illness insight and compliance in psychiatry and psychotherapy will be discussed, not least because they contradict the dynamics of psychosis. Demands on therapeutic relations will be deduced from the therapeutic relationship between psychosis and ownness as well as of the experiences of untreated patients. The particular prospects of the accompaniment of a trained peer counsellor during convalescence will be represented and explained by the experiences of the Hamburg psychenet project. This new form of treatment in Germany is conceived as a supplement and not as competition to psychotherapy.     

Deformation kinetics in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and its dependence on temperature and strain-rate sensitivity

Micromechanical analysis of ductile bulk metallic glasses at various temperatures and strain rates revealed accurate information on inhomogeneous flow kinetics. The disappearance of flow instabilities (i.e. serrations) at low temperatures correlates with a change from negative to positive strain-rate sensitivity and exhibits an activation energy of 0.37?eV. Based on these findings, a constitutive deformation model for thermally-activated flow in disordered systems is presented, which accounts for possible structural relaxation processes within the shear bands. Similarities in the flow behaviour of bulk metallic glasses with the Portevin–Le Châtelier effect known for crystalline metals are discussed.     

Microstructural evolutions and hardness during heat treatment of Al64Cu20Fe12Si4 quasicrystal alloy

The microhardness and microstructural characteristics and subsequent heat treatment of conventionally solidified Al₆₄Cu₂₀Fe₁₂Si₄ quasicrystal were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) together with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Vickers microhardness tester. XRD analysis indicated that the conventionally solidified samples showed a quasicrystalline icosahedral phase (i-phase) together with cubic β-AlFe, tetragonal θ-Al₂Cu, and monoclinic λ-A₁₃Fe₄ crystal phases. However, the i-phase together with cubic β-AlFe and monoclinic λ-A₁₃Fe₄ phases observed heat threaded samples. As-cast and subsequently heat-treated quasicrystal samples were measured using a microhardness test device. Vickers microindentation tests were carried out on the heat-treated quasicrystal samples with the load ranging from 1 to 500?mN at room temperature. The melting point of the i-phase was determined as 900°C by DTA examinations.     

The (Mis)understanding of Scientific Uncertainty? How Experts View Policy-Makers,the Media and Publics

Abstract

Frequent claims that publics ‘misunderstand’ science ignore the contested definition of scientific uncertainty itself. Scientific uncertainty means different things in the natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities, while public controversies show that interpretations of scientific uncertainty have different implications for policy and decision-making. This prompts analysis of the ways that experts view scientific uncertainty and how they characterise the (mis)understandings of this uncertainty by policy-makers, media and publics. Experts from diverse academic fields define scientific uncertainty differently depending on their disciplinary background. For example, mathematics provides experts from the natural sciences with a practice language that facilitates communication with those sharing this cultural competence, but it does not suffice for engaging with wider audiences. Further, experts’ views of diverse publics come across as folk theories, in Arie Rip's terms, which, compiled from disparate pieces of information, can be used to fill a gap in the knowledge about publics.     

Plädoyer für eine Direktausbildung zum Psychotherapeuten

The undisputed necessity of a reform of the Psychotherapist Act could open up the chance to reconsider the training of psychological psychotherapists and to completely renew the structure from the ground up. This article proposes that psychotherapy training should be designed based on the profession itself. Starting from the question of what a good psychotherapist needs to have learnt, a study curriculum is drafted which is structured towards this professional target from the very beginning. This direct training imparts psychotherapeutic competence based on a broad psychological, medical and social scientific education, encourages targeted social competences and enables clinical experience in advance. The training terminates after six years with a state examination and qualification for the profession of psychotherapist. Subsequently, qualified psychotherapists undertake a four-year in-house advanced professional education to an adult or pediatric and adolescent psychotherapist. After completing half of the study period, i.e. after three years, students decide on one of the scientifically recognized courses and subsequently the study course is partly procedure-related and mostly interprocedural. The study incorporates a practical year which accompanies the last four semesters as a half day practical training. Universities which want to offer this study course must be qualified to award doctorates and have a psychotherapy research walk-in clinic. They must also cooperate with recognized training partners who participate in the course of the study and professionally structure the four-year in-house advanced professional education.     

Why People With an Eye Toward the Future Are More Moral: The Role of Abstract Thinking

After briefly discussing the prominence, basic substance, and history of Fiedler's contingency model of leadership effectiveness, four issues crucial to the current status and future development of the model were considered: (a) the form of the contingent relationship actually constituting the model; (b) the need for direct measurement of situational favorableness; (c) the problem of classifying results from evidential validation studies; and (d) the need for process measurement in studies evaluating organizational applications of the model. Conclusions were offered concerning the contribution already made by the contingency model to leadership research and key directions for future research involving the model.     

Telentropy: Uncertainty in the biomatrix

Teleonics is a systemic approach for the study and management of complex living systems, such as human beings, families, communities, business organisations and even countries and international relationships. The approach and its applications have been described in several publications, quoted in the paper. The units of teleonics are teleons, viz, end‐related, autonomous process systems. An indication of malfunction in teleons is a high level of telentropy that can be caused by many factors, among which the most common are the lack of well defined goals, inefficient governance, inappropriate interference and undeclared sharing of subsystems between teleons. These factors, as well as other modes of telentropy generation and transfer are described, together with some suggestions about ways to avoid them.     

A Unifying Principle Of Biological And Cultural Evolution And Its Implications For The Future

In this article I analyze a regular pattern in the developmental and evolutionary processes, formed by a gradual shortening of developmental stages. This shortening is the expected result of a selection process, in the biological as well as in the cultural evolutionary process. Biology and culture are in this way unified by a common mechanism. A mathematical analysis further indicates a vital condition for a continued progress of human culture, especially for a continued progressive scientific evolution, implying continued shortening of mental developmental stages by means of enhanced education.     

Emotional facial expressions differentially influence predictions and performance for face recognition

The relative contribution of child and parent trait anxiety on paternal and maternal controlling behaviour was examined. Thirty-seven children, aged 8–11 years, completed two difficult Tangram puzzles, one with their father and one with their mother. Videotapes of the parent–child interactions were rated on parental control and child dependent and withdrawn behaviour. Results indicated that, opposite to expectations, higher mother and father trait anxiety was associated with lower levels of parental control, and that the relation between parent trait anxiety and parental control was curvilinear. Furthermore, a significant stronger effect between child trait anxiety and parental control was found for boys than for girls. Moreover, more child withdrawal during the parent–child interaction was related to more parental control. The findings offer new insights, which may guide future theories on child and parent anxiety and parental control. Specifically, the role of parent and child gender need further conceptualisation and research.