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71.
A Blueprint for Social Cognitive Development 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT— The field of social cognitive development (SCD) has historically failed to emerge as a dominant approach in developmental psychology. We take this opportunity to articulate the assumptions, goals, and contributions of SCD with the aim of invigorating research from this perspective. We begin by describing the current landscape of social and cognitive development, suggesting what they have and have not given us. We then outline major goals of the social cognitive developmental approach and walk through examples of successful SCD research. Finally, we examine the unique potential of the social cognitive approach to cross-fertilize social and cognitive development (as well as related fields such as social psychology and neuroscience) and to answer new questions about development. 相似文献
72.
Kristina Coop Gordon Jennifer A. Christman 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2008,38(3):129-138
The majority of the empirically validated interventions for relational distress focus primarily upon improving behavioral
functioning, particularly couples’ communication patterns in conflict situations. However, although communication is highly
predictive of relationship distress and later divorce, research on the effectiveness of premarital and marital interventions
based on communication training has shown limited results. Therefore, although the skills-based approaches can be effective
in treating relational discord and instability, they also often neglect another potentially powerful mechanism in the development
of relational distress: the social cognitions and/or schemata regarding relationships that individuals carry into their marriages
that stem from negative attachment experiences. Thus, this article describes how blending information gleaned from attachment
style research with the body of literature addressing social information processing can enhance current methods for the treatment
of relational discord. The existing research on adult romantic attachment styles is placed within a social-cognitive information
processing framework and a case study demonstrating the utility of this approach with difficult couples is described. 相似文献
73.
Olson KR Dunham Y Dweck CS Spelke ES Banaji MR 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(5):757-776
For millennia, human beings have believed that it is morally wrong to judge others by the fortuitous or unfortunate events that befall them or by the actions of another person. Rather, an individual's own intended, deliberate actions should be the basis of his or her evaluation, reward, and punishment. In a series of studies, the authors investigated whether such rules guide the judgments of children. The first 3 studies demonstrated that children view lucky others as more likely than unlucky others to perform intentional good actions. Children similarly assess the siblings of lucky others as more likely to perform intentional good actions than the siblings of unlucky others. The next 3 studies demonstrated that children as young as 3 years believe that lucky people are nicer than unlucky people. The final 2 studies found that Japanese children also demonstrate a robust preference for the lucky and their associates. These findings are discussed in relation to M. J. Lerner's (1980) just-world theory and J. Piaget's (1932/1965) immanent-justice research and in relation to the development of intergroup attitudes. 相似文献
74.
Kristina A. Peterson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2008,86(4):507-507
Book reviewed in this article: Empathy in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Perspectives and Practices by Arthur J. Clark, 2007 相似文献
75.
The authors examined maternal and paternal reports of family functioning and their relationship with child outcomes as well as the association between anxiety and depression in family members and family functioning. Results reveal that maternal and paternal reports of family functioning were both significantly associated with worse child outcomes, including child anxiety disorder (AD) severity, anxiety symptoms, and child global functioning. Maternal and paternal anxiety and depression predicted worse family functioning, whereas child report of anxiety and depression did not. Parents of children with ADs reported significantly worse family functioning and behavior control, but only fathers reported worse problem solving and affective involvement compared with fathers of children with no psychological disorders. Findings from this study suggest that paternal as well as maternal anxiety and depression play a role in worse family functioning in children with ADs and that unhealthier family functioning is associated with worse child outcomes in this population. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
David A. Frederick Gordon B. Forbes Kristina E. Grigorian Johanna M. Jarcho 《Sex roles》2007,57(5-6):317-327
This study examined whether objectification theory is useful for understanding gender, body mass, and ethnic differences in body satisfaction among 2,206 US undergraduates who completed a body image survey. Women reported lower body satisfaction than men (d?=?.37) and this was true across the majority of the BMI continuum. Very slender men, however, were less satisfied than very slender women who approached the female thin-ideal. Differences in body satisfaction among White, Asian, and Hispanic participants were small to moderate (ds?=?.18 to .45). Consistent with the prediction that self-objectification has particularly negative effects on women who deviate from the slender White ideal, the association between body dissatisfaction and appearance surveillance was strongest for heavier and minority women. 相似文献
79.
Hulme C Goetz K Gooch D Adams J Snowling MJ 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2007,96(2):150-166
We report two studies examining the relations among three paired-associate learning (PAL) tasks (visual-visual, verbal-verbal, and visual-verbal), phoneme deletion, and single-word and nonword reading ability. Correlations between the PAL tasks and reading were strongest for the visual-verbal task. Path analyses showed that both phoneme deletion and visual-verbal PAL were unique predictors of a composite measure of single-word reading and of irregular word reading. However, for nonword reading, phoneme deletion was the only unique predictor (and visual-verbal PAL was not a significant predictor). These results are consistent with the view that learning visual (orthography) to phonological mappings is an important skill for developing word recognition skills in reading and that individual differences in this ability can be tapped experimentally by a PAL task. 相似文献
80.
Jennifer Wareham Ph.D. Richard Dembo Ph.D. Norman G. Poythress Ph.D. Kristina Childs M.A. James Schmeidler Ph.D. 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2009,27(1):71-95
Latent class factor analysis allows for the estimation of a dimensional construct such as psychopathy through factor analysis while also examining the heterogeneity of the sample. We report the results of a latent class factor analysis examining the psychometric structure of a widely used measure of psychopathy, as well as internalizing (i.e. anxiety) and externalizing indices, among diversion program youths involved in an intervention study. The results indicated that four subgroups of adolescents existed in the data: one with high psychopathic features and externalizing problems, but low anxiety; one with moderately high affective and behavioral psychopathic features and externalizing problems, but low anxiety; one with moderately high interpersonal and behavioral psychopathic features, externalizing problems, and anxiety; and one with very low psychopathy scores, anxiety, and externalizing problems. The validity of these subgroups was assessed comparing prior family problems, substance use, and offending measures, and one‐year follow‐up measures of recidivism, detention days, substance use, and program completion. This study offers partial support for the existence of psychopathy subgroups and has implications for future studies of psychopathy typologies. In addition, this study employed a methodology for classification that permits consideration of the dimensional nature of a construct, and as such has implications for a variety of research areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献