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161.
The aim of this research was to refine our understanding of the role of working memory capacity (WMC) on motor performances that require attentional control in dual-task situations. Three studies were carried out on soccer players. Each participant had to perform a juggling task in both normal and dual-task conditions. In Study 1, the interfering task was a mental calculation test performed under time pressure (strong cognitive load). In Study 2, the interfering task was a count-down test (low cognitive load). In Study 3 an intra-individual design in which participants perform dual-tasks increasingly complex has been proposed. Results showed a positive relationship between participants’ WMC and their dual-task motor performance when the cognitive load was low and a negative relationship when the cognitive load was high. This paper highlights the role of the WMC in the activation of different modes of processing and its importance on the performance in dual-task. 相似文献
162.
Kristin J. August Melissa M. Franks Karen S. Rook Mary Ann Parris Stephens 《Personal Relationships》2020,27(2):401-419
The association between patients' dietary nonadherence and spouses' involvement in patients' diabetes diet was examined, with spouses' anxiety about nonadherence considered as a mediator of this association. Daily diary data from 128 older adult patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses were analyzed using multilevel models. Results revealed that on days when patients reported less adherence to their diabetes diet than usual, spouses reported greater anxiety about patients' diabetes management, which, in turn, was related to greater spousal persuasion and pressure the same day. The association between patients' nonadherence and diet‐related support on the same day was not mediated, however, through spouses' anxiety. The findings contribute to an understanding of spouses' responses to patients' nonadherence to their diabetes regimen. 相似文献
163.
164.
The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R) have demonstrated strong reliability and validity in college students and adults. Although used in adolescent samples, little is known about the psychometric properties of these measures for adolescents. The reliability, factor structure, and mean levels of five EDI-2 scales and the BULIT-R were evaluated over 3 years. Data were collected yearly from two samples of adolescent females, one recruited from three public middle schools (n = 239, mean baseline age = 12.8) and one from two public high schools (n = 119, mean baseline age = 15.9). Results provide strong evidence for the reliability and stability of these measures. Mean levels of both measures appeared remarkably consistent over the 3 years. These results provide evidence of good psychometric performance for these scales in adolescence. The lack of change in these measures raises questions about the developmental trajectory of these variables through adolescence. 相似文献
165.
Shrader-Frechette K 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(1):137-149
Eighty percent of (commercial) genetically engineered seeds (GES) are designed only to resist herbicides. Letting farmers
use more chemicals, they cut labor costs. But developing nations say GES cause food shortages, unemployment, resistant weeds,
and extinction of native cultivars when “volunteers” drift nearby. While GES patents are reasonable, this paper argues many
patent policies are not. The paper surveys GE technology, outlines John Locke’s classic account of property rights, and argues
that current patent policies must be revised to take account of Lockean ethical constraints. After answering a key objection,
it provides concrete suggestions for implementing its ethical conclusions. 相似文献
166.
In this review, we examine the role of emotion regulation in the treatment of children with anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT) has been shown to “work” for children with anxiety disorders and it has been categorized as an evidence-based
treatment. However, most studies have shown that the treatment is effective for about 60–70% of children, leaving the remaining
children symptomatic and oftentimes with persisting psychological disorders. Of importance, it has also been shown that many
children with anxiety disorders demonstrate poor emotion regulation skills. Despite these findings, little attention has been
directed toward incorporating emotion regulation strategies into these relatively effective cognitive-behavioral treatments.
It is possible that CBT programs do not work as well for a portion of children because their emotion regulation deficits,
if present, are not being targeted sufficiently. In this review, it is suggested that adding an emotion regulation component
could increase treatment efficacy. In addition, strategies aimed at improving emotion regulation at the individual level and
at the family level are introduced. Details of how improved emotion regulation skills could be beneficial in bringing about
change are discussed. Finally, issues of measurement and the clinical implications for research and practice are considered. 相似文献
167.
Kristin Voigt 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(4):389-407
According to luck egalitarianism, inequalities are justified if and only if they arise from choices for which it is reasonable
to hold agents responsible. This position has been criticised for its purported harshness in responding to the plight of individuals
who, through their own choices, end up destitute. This paper aims to assess the Harshness Objection. I put forward a version
of the objection that has been qualified to take into account some of the more subtle elements of the luck egalitarian approach.
Revising the objection in this way suggests that the Harshness Objection has been overstated by its proponents: because luck
egalitarians are sensitive to the influence of unequal brute luck on individuals’ choices, it is unlikely that there will
be any real world cases in which the luck egalitarian would not have to provide at least partial compensation. However, the
Harshness Objection still poses problems for the luck egalitarian. First, it is not clear that partial compensation will be
sufficient to avoid catastrophic outcomes. Second, the Harshness Objection raises a theoretical problem in that a consistent
luck egalitarian will have to regard it as unjust if any assistance is provided to the victim of pure option luck, even if
such assistance could be provided at no cost. I consider three strategies the luck egalitarian could pursue to accommodate
these concerns and conclude that none of these strategies can be maintained without either violating basic luck egalitarian
principles or infringing upon individual liberty.
相似文献
Kristin VoigtEmail: |
168.
Umphress EE Smith-Crowe K Brief AP Dietz J Watkins MB 《The Journal of applied psychology》2007,92(2):396-409
Although similarity-attraction notions suggest that similarity--for example, in terms of values, personality, and demography--attracts, the authors found that sometimes demographic similarity attracts and sometimes it repels. Consistent with social dominance theory (J. Sidanius & F. Pratto, 1999), they demonstrated in 3 studies that when prospective employees supported group-based social hierarchies (i.e., were high in social dominance orientation), those in high-status groups were attracted to demographic similarity within an organization, whereas those in low-status groups were repelled by it. An important theoretical implication of the findings is that social dominance theory and traditional similarity-attraction notions together help explain a more complex relationship between demographic similarity and attraction than was previously acknowledged in the organizational literature. 相似文献
169.
170.
Jason D. Seacat Richard Hirschman Kristin D. Mickelson 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(7):1442-1461
A vignette methodology was used to investigate the effects of systematically manipulating HIV onset controllability and victim sexual orientation on (a) participant attributions about a victim (i.e., perceptions of victim control, responsibility, and blame); (b) participant emotional reactions (anger and sympathy) toward a victim; and (c) participant helping intentions toward a victim. Weiner's (1980a, 1980b, 1995 ) attributional helping model was tested to determine whether participant anger and sympathy mediated the onset controllability/helping intentions relationship. A total of 399 undergraduate psychology students completed the survey. Statistically significant effects were found for HIV onset controllability and victim sexual orientation on participant attributions, emotional reactions, and helping intentions. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are addressed. 相似文献