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971.
We have two aims in this paper. The first is negative: to demonstrate the problems in Bernard Gert’s account of common morality,
in particular as it applies to professional morality. The second is positive: to suggest a more satisfactory explanation of
the moral basis of professional role morality, albeit one that is broadly consistent with Gert’s notion of common morality,
but corrects and supplements Gert’s theory. The paper is in three sections. In the first, we sketch the main features of Gert’s
account of common morality in general. In the second, we outline Gert’s explanation of the source of professional moral rules
and demonstrate its inadequacy. In the third section, we provide an account of our own collectivist needs-based view of the
source of the role-moral obligations of many professional roles, including those of health care professionals.
相似文献
Andrew AlexandraEmail: |
972.
Anett Gyurak Madeleine S. Goodkind Anita Madan Joel H. Kramer Bruce L. Miller Robert W. Levenson 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(2):144-152
Behavioral regulation is a hallmark feature of executive functioning (EF). The present study investigated whether commonly
used neuropsychological test measures of EF (i.e., working memory, Stroop, trail making, and verbal fluency) were related
to ability to downregulate emotion both spontaneously and when instructed to suppress emotional expressions. To ensure a wide
range of EF, 24 frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients, 7 Alzheimer's patients, and 17 neurologically normal controls
participated. Participants were exposed to an acoustic startle stimulus (single aversive noise burst) under three conditions:
(1) unwarned, (2) warned with no instructions (to measure spontaneous emotion downregulation), and (3) warned with instructions to suppress (to measure instructed emotion downregulation). Results indicated that higher verbal fluency scores were related to greater
emotion regulation (operationalized as reduction in body movement and emotional facial behavior when warned of the impending
startle) in both regulation conditions. No relationships were found between emotion regulation in these conditions and the
other EF measures. We conclude that, of four commonly used measures of EF, verbal fluency best indexes the complex processes
of monitoring, evaluation, and control necessary for successful emotion regulation, both spontaneously and following instructions
to suppress. 相似文献
973.
Three Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments with rats as subjects explored the effect of extinction in the presence of a concurrent excitor. Our aim was to explore this particular treatment, documented in previous studies to deepen extinction, with novel control groups to shed light on the processes involved in extinction. Relative to subjects extinguished on the target CS alone, Experiments 1 and 2 found across a range of parameters that any appreciable effect of facilitated extinction due to the concurrent excitor was submerged by generalization decrement going from extinction to testing. In Experiment 3 we used different durations for the target and concurrent stimuli in order to discourage configuring and an ABC renewal design to increase sensitivity, and observed diminished renewal resulting from extinction in the presence of a second excitor. Our findings suggest that there are distinct limits to the observation of enhanced extinction in the presence of an excitor and identifies some of the sources of these limitations. 相似文献
974.
Alexander Miller 《Synthese》2009,171(3):433-442
In this paper I will argue that Crispin Wright’s defence of the claim that the truth about intention is judgement-dependent is unstable because it can serve also to establish that the truth about shape is judgement-dependent, thereby violating his constraint that in developing the distinction between judgement-independent and judgement-dependent subject matters we have to be driven by the assumption that colour and shape will fall on different sides of the divide. 相似文献
975.
Seumas Miller 《Philosophia》2009,37(2):185-201
The last few decades have seen a dramatic increase in concern with matters of ethics in all areas of public life. This ‘applied
turn’ in ethics raises important issues not only of focus, but also of methodology. Sometimes a moral end or moral feature
is designed into an institution or technology; sometimes a morally desirable outcome is the fortuitous, but unintended, consequence
of an institutional arrangement or technological invention. If designing-in ethics is the new methodological orientation for
applied ethics, globalisation is providing many of the practical ethical problems upon which to deploy this methodology.
This is a revised version of an article that was presented at the 2007 Applied Ethics Conference in Sapporo, Japan, hosted
by the University of Hokkaido. Thanks to Jeroen van den Hoven for the key idea of ‘designing-in-ethics’. 相似文献
976.
Jennifer L. Miller Erin M. Ables Andrew P. King Meredith J. West 《Infant behavior & development》2009,32(3):254-261
The ability to sustain attention influences different domains including cognitive, motor, and communicative behavior. Previous research has demonstrated how an infant's parent can influence sustained attention. The purpose of our study was to expose infants systematically to both sensitive and redirective patterns of behavior to examine how unfamiliar individuals could influence attention. Results revealed infants changed their patterns of looking with the unfamiliar individuals. Infants had longer durations of sustained attention when interacting with a sensitive unfamiliar individual who followed into their attentional focus as opposed to an intrusive person who led their attentional focus. This study demonstrates that infants discriminate patterns of contingency to persons seen for only a short period of time broadening the range of potential mentors for learning. 相似文献
977.
Richard B. Miller 《The Journal of religious ethics》2009,37(1):131-158
This essay argues on behalf of a hybrid theory for an ethics of self-defense understood as the Forfeiture-Partiality Theory. The theory weds the idea that a malicious attacker forfeits the right to life to the idea that we are permitted to prefer one's life to another's in cases of involuntary harm or threat. The theory is meant to capture our intuitions both about instances in which we can draw a moral asymmetry between attacker and victim and cases in which we cannot. I develop the theory by attending to instances of intentional, villainous harm and instances of involuntary danger—the latter of which are a matter of bad luck. I call some bad luck cases "Interpersonal Lottery Conflicts." These cases refer to potentially lethal conflicts into which parties are thrown as victims of circumstance. Although neither party has a moral advantage over another, that fact does not preclude permissible self-defense. 相似文献
978.
A Short‐Term,Prospective Test of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicidal Ideation in an Adolescent Clinical Sample 下载免费PDF全文
Adam Bryant Miller PhD Christianne Esposito‐Smythers PhD Richard N. Leichtweis PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(3):337-351
The present prospective study tested a portion of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide (IPTS) in an adolescent clinical sample. Participants were 143 adolescents consecutively admitted to a partial hospitalization program who completed assessments at intake and discharge from the program. Results partially supported the IPTS and suggest that (1) perceived burdensomeness may be an important socially based cognition for understanding concurrent risk for suicidal ideation (SI); (2) thwarted belongingness affects depression symptom severity over time, which indirectly predicts SI over a short follow‐up time frame; and (3) the IPTS constructs may function differently in a high‐risk clinical adolescent sample, compared to adults, although findings are preliminary. 相似文献
979.
980.