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21.
The paper defends a combination of perdurantism with mereological universalism by developing semantics of temporary predications
of the sort ’some P is/was/will be (a) Q’. We argue that, in addition to the usual application of causal and other restrictions
on sortals, the grammatical form of such statements allows for rather different regimentations along three separate dimensions,
according to: (a) whether ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are being used as phase or substance sortal terms, (b) whether ‘is’, ‘was’, and ‘will
be’ are the ‘is’, ‘was’, ‘will be’ of identity or of constitution, and (c) whether ‘Q’ is being used as a subject or predicate
term. We conclude that this latitude is beneficial, as it conforms with linguistic reality (i.e., the multiple uses actually
in place) and also enables one to turn what is ordinarily perceived as a problem for universalist perdurantism viz., a commitment
to all sorts of weird and gerrymandered temporally extended entities, into an advantage, for the richness in questions allows
us to make sense of the many different readings of sentences of the same grammatical form. 相似文献
22.
This paper identifies problems with indexicalism and abverbialism about temporary intrinsic properties, and solves them by
disentangling two senses in which a particular may possess a property simpliciter. The first sense is the one identified by adverbialists in which a particular possesses at all times the property as a matter
of foundational metaphysical fact regardless of whether it is manifest. The second involves building on adverbialism to produce
a semantics for property-manifestation according to which different members of a family of second-order properties of the
foundational property are relevant to property manifestation at different times. 相似文献
23.
Mary Catherine Scheeler Kristie Bruno Erin Grubb Terri Lynn Seavey 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(3):189-210
Preservice teachers learn evidence-based practices in university classrooms but often fail to use them later on in their own
K-12 classrooms. The problem may be a missing link in teacher preparation, i.e., failure to teach preservice teachers to generalize
newly acquired techniques. Two experiments using multiple baseline designs across participants assessed effectiveness of a
model to promote generalization and maintenance of a specific teaching skill. In Experiment 1, preservice teachers’ maintenance
of behavior deteriorated from practicum to student teaching when intervention consisted of training to criteria alone. When
a programming for generalization component (program common stimuli) was added to the intervention, teachers in Experiment
2 generalized and maintained behavior across settings (student teaching to own classrooms) at a higher average than occurred
during intervention. 相似文献
24.
Kristie R. Dukewich 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):238-251
Inhibition of return (IOR) is an effect on spatial attention whereby reaction times to a target presented at a location where
a stimulus had recently been presented are increased, as opposed to when a target is presented at a new location. Despite
early reports that habituation is not responsible for the IOR effect, the human cognitive literature provides indirect evidence
in favor of the possibility. In addition, recent neurophysiological studies provide direct support for the idea that habituation
is at least a contributing source for the IOR effect. The present article describes how habituation may account for the IOR
effect and explores some of the predictions that this hypothesis suggests. 相似文献
25.
Interviewing Witnesses: Forced Confabulation and Confirmatory Feedback Increase False Memories 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maria S. Zaragoza Kristie E. Payment Jennifer K. Ackil Sarah B. Drivdahl & Melissa Beck 《Psychological science》2001,12(6):473-477
In two experiments, adults who witnessed a videotaped event subsequently engaged in face-to-face interviews during which they were forced to confabulate information about the events they had seen. The interviewer selectively reinforced some of the participants' confabulated responses by providing confirmatory feedback (e.g., "Yes, _is the correct answer") and provided neutral (uninformative) feedback for the remaining confabulated responses (e.g., "O.K. _"). One week later, participants developed false memories for the events they had earlier confabulated knowingly. However, confirmatory feedback increased false memory for forcibly confabulated events, increased confidence in those false memories, and increased the likelihood that participants would freely report the confabulated events 1 to 2 months later. The results illustrate the powerful role of social-motivational factors in promoting the development of false memories. 相似文献
26.
Janie K. Long PhD John J. Lawless MS Damond R. Dotson Ph.D. 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1996,18(4):589-606
The goal of this research was to develop an instrument, the Supervisory Styles Index (SSI), that would examine supervisory style. Style has been described as the way in which the personality and convictions of the supervisor are demonstrated in the supervisory relationship (Leighton, 1991). This study focuses on the interplay between supervisory style and the influence of sex and gender. The findings of this study reveal that female supervisees discern their supervisors to be more self-disclosing than do male supervisees. Implications of the findings and utilization of the index are discussed.Portions of this paper were presented at the 52nd annual conference of the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, Chicago, Illinois, November, 1994. 相似文献
27.
28.
Kristie Miller 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》2013,94(2):225-245
This article attempts to make sense of property contingentism, the view that the metaphysical nature of properties is contingent. That is, it is contingent whether properties are universals or tropes or some other kind of entity. The article argues that even if one thinks that necessities are exhausted by conceptual truths and a posteriori necessities, the sort of methodology that can lead one to endorse contingentism in various domains in metaphysics does not give us good grounds to suppose that the nature of properties is contingent. 相似文献
29.
Philosophical Studies - What distinguishes causation from grounding? One suggestion is that causation, but not grounding, occurs over time. Recently, however, counterexamples to this simple... 相似文献
30.
This paper offers a new way to evaluate counterfactual conditionals on the supposition that actually, there is no time. We then parlay this method of evaluation into a way of evaluating causal claims. Our primary aim is to preserve, at a minimum, the assertibility of certain counterfactual and causal claims once time has been excised from reality. This is an important first step in a more general reconstruction project that has two important components. First, recovering our ordinary language claims involving notions such as persistence, change and agency and, second, recovering enough observational evidence so that any timeless metaphysics is not empirically self-refuting. However, the project of investigating causation in a timeless setting has a greater relevance than its application to timeless physical theory alone. For, as we show, it can be used to model the assertibility conditions of causal claims more generally. 相似文献