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351.
Dana L. Comstock Tonya R. Hammer Julie Strentzsch Kristi Cannon Jacqueline Parsons Gustavo Salazar II 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2008,86(3):279-287
Relational‐cultural theory (RCT) theorists advocate expanding the multicultural/social justice counseling competencies beyond the domains of self‐awareness, cultural knowledge, and culturally responsive helping skills. This article provides an overview of RCT and discusses how creating and participating in growth‐fostering relationships are essential dimensions of human development and psychological well‐being. Implications of this theoretical model for counseling practice are also addressed. 相似文献
352.
Vital exhaustion has been implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. In addition, elevated levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some studies have suggested that fibrinogen and D-dimer are associated with acute, chronic, and perceived stress. In this issue, Kudielka et al examine the relationship between circulating fibrinogen and D-dimer levels and vital exhaustion in a cross-sectional study of middle-aged teachers in Germany, to examine the plausible link between chronic stress and the development of cardiovascular disease. This commentary discusses the limited available evidence of the mechanisms responsible for the association between vital exhaustion and the development of cardiovascular disease and highlights the limitations of previous research and discusses future directions. 相似文献
353.
Melanie H. Bachmeyer Cathleen C. Piazza Laura D. Fredrick Gregory K. Reed Kristi D. Rivas Heather J. Kadey 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):641-658
Functional analyses identified children whose inappropriate mealtime behavior was maintained by escape and adult attention. Function‐based extinction procedures were tested individually and in combination. Attention extinction alone did not result in decreases in inappropriate mealtime behavior or a significant increase in acceptance. By contrast, escape extinction alone resulted in a decrease in inappropriate mealtime behavior and an increase in acceptance. However, inappropriate mealtime behavior did not decrease to clinically acceptable levels. A combined extinction technique (i.e., escape and attention extinction) resulted in a decrease in inappropriate mealtime behavior to clinically acceptable levels and high and stable acceptance. 相似文献
354.
This research examines the relationship between childhood physical and sexual abuse and the types of crimes committed by male adult offenders. We use the method of discriminant prediction to determine whether independent and dependent variables are related in ways that theories predict. Our analyses of data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities suggest that offenders model specific behaviors to which they have been exposed. Male offenders who were sexually abused as a child are more likely to commit sexual offenses, particularly sexual offenses against children, than nonsexual offenses. Offenders who were physically abused are more likely to engage in violent offenses than nonviolent offenses. Further analyses show that sexual offenders, and to a lesser extent violent offenders, are likely to specialize in those offenses. Our results are consistent with a social learning approach. They address a heretofore neglected issue: what exactly do children model when they are mistreated. Aggr. Behav. 35:489–501, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
355.
Kristi D. Wright Daniel A. Waschbusch Bradley W. Frankland 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(3):141-148
This study examined different methods of combining data from a well established rating scale – the Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Rating Scale (DBDRS) – with data from a well established interview – the computerized self report version of the Diagnostic
Interview Schedule for Children for DSM-IV (P-DISC-IV) – when examining parent report of ADHD. These measures were completed
for 80 children who participated in a summer camp for children with disruptive behavior. Results showed significant overlap
between the two diagnostic measures but parent report on the DBDRS was more highly associated with children’s camp behaviors
than was parent report on the P-DISC-IV. In addition, combining ratings and interview data using an “either/or” rule was more
highly associated with camp behavior than was combining data using a “both/and” rule. Results suggest there may be little
additional value of adding data from parent self-report on the computerized version of the P-DISC-IV to behavior rating data. 相似文献
356.
Isaacowitz DM Löckenhoff CE Lane RD Wright R Sechrest L Riedel R Costa PT 《Psychology and aging》2007,22(1):147-159
Age differences in emotion recognition from lexical stimuli and facial expressions were examined in a cross-sectional sample of adults aged 18 to 85 (N = 357). Emotion-specific response biases differed by age: Older adults were disproportionately more likely to incorrectly label lexical stimuli as happiness, sadness, and surprise and to incorrectly label facial stimuli as disgust and fear. After these biases were controlled, findings suggested that older adults were less accurate at identifying emotions than were young adults, but the pattern differed across emotions and task types. The lexical task showed stronger age differences than the facial task, and for lexical stimuli, age groups differed in accuracy for all emotional states except fear. For facial stimuli, in contrast, age groups differed only in accuracy for anger, disgust, fear, and happiness. Implications for age-related changes in different types of emotional processing are discussed. 相似文献
357.
358.
Aggressive behaviors can be divided into two categories: reactive and proactive. Reactive aggressive behaviors occur in response to a stimulus or provocation. Proactive aggressive behaviors occur without provocation and are goal directed. A number of findings have suggested that individuals displaying proactive aggression may be discerned from individuals not displaying proactive aggression on measures of personality, psychopathology and psychopathy as well as in aggressive histories and type and severity of aggressive behaviors committed. In this study, subjects were recruited from a large urban community and classified as proactive (n = 20), reactive-only (n = 20) or nonaggressive (n = 10) based on laboratory behavioral testing. Subjects were administered a battery of questionnaires and structured interviews pertaining to personality disorders and psychopathy. It was hypothesized that proactive aggressive subjects would show greater numbers of personality disorders and have greater psychopathy relative to reactive-only and nonaggressive subjects. These hypotheses were supported. These results suggest that proactive aggression may be identified in a laboratory-based task, and differences between proactive and reactive-only aggressors can be detected. 相似文献
359.
Munger KM Gill CJ Ormond KE Kirschner KL 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2007,13(2):121-128
Recent scientific discoveries have made it much easier to test prenatally for various genetic disabilities, such as Down syndrome. However, while many observers have heralded such "advances" for their effectiveness in detecting certain conditions, others have argued that they perpetuate discrimination by preventing the birth of children with disabilities. This article examines the ethical and social implications of the Human Genome Project for individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families. It details the critique of prenatal testing articulated by many disability rights activists as well as scholarly and professional responses to that critique. A review of the pertinent research literature includes perspectives of genetic professionals, ethicists, disability studies scholars, parents of children with disabilities, and disabled individuals themselves. Finally, the article explores how future research endeavors, policies, and practices may more effectively integrate and respect the positions of these various stakeholders. 相似文献
360.
Under the influence of the intersubjective or relational perspective, guidelines for establishing the therapeutic frame in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy are undergoing modification. Therapeutic interventions such as disclosing subjective reactions have a sound theoretical basis, but they must be executed judiciously within a context of general neutrality, anonymity, and abstinence. Novice practitioners ought not attempt the more difficult relational interventions until they have acquired experience and security in the basic tenets of psychoanalytic practice, including how to maintain the traditional therapeutic frame. Inexperience in knowing when and under what circumstances to attempt self-disclosure of therapist affect, and insecurity in examining one's countertransference, have the potential to exacerbate enactments and entanglements for beginning therapists, as is illustrated in a case example. 相似文献