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Kristen E. Jastrowski Mano W. Hobart Davies Bonita P. Klein-Tasman Vincent J. Adesso 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(5):606-620
The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) is a widely used parent-report measure of youth internalizing and externalizing problems.
Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the CBCL may not adequately assess clinical problems in diverse populations.
We investigated the measurement equivalence (ME) of the CBCL in an African American adolescent sample (N = 145). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated poor factor model fit; however, modification indices and an alternative two-factor
model produced improved fit statistics. Internal consistency coefficients of CBCL scales ranged from α = .65 to .88 and were generally lower than those reported for the normative sample. The CBCL exhibited convergent validity
with conceptually similar scales on the Parent Report Scale of the Behavior Assessment System for Children; however, the correlations
were weaker than those reported for the normative sample. The CBCL Internalizing composite failed to predict clinician-rated
Emotional problems, however, the Externalizing composite predicted clinician-rated behavior problems. In summary, the CBCL
did not exhibit unequivocal evidence of ME, as it both possesses and lacks a number of statistical attributes that would demonstrate its equivalence with African Americans. Future empirical
and theoretical work is discussed. 相似文献
924.
Silvia R. Hepburn Thorsten Barnhofer J. Mark G. Williams 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):483-496
Most people believe that the future will bring them more good things than bad, and therefore have high hopes for the future
(MacLeod et al. Cogn Emot 10:69–85, 1996). However, many patients with mood disorders do not hold this positive belief about
the future. At the extreme, low expectations of positive outcomes in the future can lead to feelings of hopelessness (O’Connor
et al. Psychol Health Med 5:155–161, 2000). This paper aims to extend the literature on subjective probability of future events,
using a mood induction paradigm to examine the effects of transient mood change on perceived likelihood of future events in
a non-clinical community sample. Participants rated likelihood of future events from a standardized list and from their own
lives. Ratings were made in both normal and experimentally-induced positive or negative mood. Results show that self-generated
future events were perceived to be more likely than those from a standardized list, and that negative mood significantly biased
perceived likelihood of other-generated future events. Participants rating standardized list events saw positive outcomes
as less likely and negative outcomes as more likely in induced negative mood than they did in normal mood. Mood had no effect
on ratings of self-generated events. Possible directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Silvia R. HepburnEmail: |
925.
N. Pretorius J. Beecham H. Dawson I. Eisler S. Gowers E. Johnson-Sabine C. Newell L. Richards L. Rowlands J. Treasure C. Williams M. Yoshioka 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(9):729-736
Background
The evidence base for the treatment of adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) is limited.Aims
To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes of a web-based cognitive-behavioural (CBT) intervention for adolescents with bulimic symptomatology.Method
101 participants were recruited from eating disorders clinics or from beat, a UK-wide eating disorders charity. The programme consisted of online CBT sessions (‘Overcoming Bulimia Online’), peer support via message boards, and email support from a clinician. Participants' bulimic symptomatology and service utilisation were assessed by interview at baseline and at three and six months. Participants' views of the treatment package were also determined.Results
There were significant improvements in eating disorder symptoms and service contacts from baseline to three months, which were maintained at six months. Participants' views of the intervention were positive.Conclusions
The intervention has the potential for use as a first step in the treatment of adolescents with bulimic symptomatology. 相似文献926.
Filip Raes David Dewulf Cees Van Heeringen J. Mark G. Williams 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(7):623-627
Cognitive Reactivity (CR) refers to the degree to which a mild dysphoric state reactivates negative thinking patterns, and it has been found to play a key causal role in depressive relapse. Although Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) directly aims to address this mechanism of CR, the relationship between mindfulness and CR has not been tested to date. Using a cross-sectional design (Study 1; n = 164) and a non-randomized waiting list controlled design (Study 2; MBCT [n = 18] vs. waiting list [n = 21]), the authors examined the relationship between naturally occurring levels of mindfulness (Study 1) and MBCT (Study 2) on the one hand, and CR on the other hand. In line with predictions, it was found that (a) trait mindfulness is significantly negatively correlated with CR, even when controlled for current depressive symptoms and prior history of depression (Study 1), and that (b) MBCT, compared to a matched control group, significantly reduces CR, and that this effect of MBCT on reduction of CR is mediated by a positive change in mindfulness skills (Study 2). Results provide first evidence for the claim that mindfulness practices in MBCT are designed to address the process of CR. 相似文献
927.
Eric D. Wesselmann Danielle Bagg Kipling D. Williams 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(6):1308-1311
Ostracism—being ignored and excluded—is a painful experience with negative psychological consequences. Social psychologists (
[Kerr and Levine, 2008]
and
[Spoor and Williams, 2007]
) argue humans have an evolved system for automatically detecting cues of ostracism and exclusion. Detection elicits pain and threats to fundamental needs. We hypothesize simply observing ostracism will cause negative affect and need threat in the observer. Participants observed a three-player Cyberball game; a target player was included or ostracized, and participants were either instructed to take the perspective of this player or given no such instructions. Participants observing ostracism reported negative affect and need threat. Our results indicate that ostracism detection is even more powerful than previously suggested, because vicariously, we feel the pain of others’ ostracism as our own. 相似文献
928.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in American women. Data are lacking from representative samples of total populations
on the association of risk factors for breast cancer and religiousness. The sixth cycle of the National Survey of Family Growth
(NSFG VI) included 3,766 women aged 30–44 years with complete data on self-reported religiousness, and selected breast cancer
risk factors. Of women in the analysis, 1,008 reported having four or more breast cancer risk factors. Women who never attended
services were over seven times more likely to report having four or more risk factors than those who attended more than weekly
(P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, nativity, education and marital status by logistic regression,
women who never attended services were still over six times more likely to report having four or more risk factors (P < 0.0001). The combination of frequent attendance at religious services, very high importance of religion in daily life,
and self-identification as a Protestant evangelical was particularly protective. Multiple dimensions of religiousness are
independently associated with multiple breast cancer risk factors. 相似文献
929.
The Multidimensional Media Influence Scale (MMIS; Cusumano & Thompson, 2001). Media influence and body image in 8–11-year-old boys and girls: A preliminary report on the multidimensional media influence scale. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29, 37–44) is a child-appropriate, 3-factor scale designed to assess perceived media influence on body image. It has been used in studies exploring the relationship between the entire scale as well as its subscales (awareness, internalization, and pressure) and variables related to body image. However, the 3-factor structure of the scale has never been confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), nor has the scale been evaluated with a racially diverse sample of children. This paper reports the results of CFAs establishing the multidimensionality of the scale and the unidimensionality of its subscales among a sample of 661 girls and boys aged 7–12 years, primarily African American and Anglo American. The pressure factor of the MMIS predicted the idealization of a thinner current (child) and future (adult) body both cross-sectionally and one year later for girls and for Anglo American children. 相似文献
930.