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351.
University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia Metacontrast and apparent motion experiments designed to utilize transient system resources were adopted to investigate the proposal that transient system activity is differentially influenced by different colored stimuli. The results generally showed no effect of color on transient system activity in either adults or children. However, the predicted pattern of results was demonstrated when contrast rather than color was manipulated in a final metacontrast experiment. We discuss the tenuousness of the proposal that color differentially influences transient activity, exploring its physiological implications and its durability as a theory of transient activity regarding reading-disability research. 相似文献
352.
Few empirical studies exist on the mental health of Japanese American older adults. This study focused on how Japanese American older adults conceptualize anxiety. Participants were presented with a checklist, which included anxiety and depression symptoms identified in a previous qualitative study conducted by the authors, as well as symptoms from Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IVrpar;. They were asked to imagine a Japanese American older adult who was experiencing anxiety and check off the symptoms he/she would be experiencing. Results indicated that these Japanese American participants conceptualized anxiety by using more depressive symptoms than anxiety symptoms. In addition, contrary to previous research and speculation about how Asian Americans experience psychological distress, participants also checked a larger number of cognitive symptoms as opposed to somatic symptoms. The present data suggest that Japanese American older adults conceptualize anxiety differently from the traditional psychiatric conceptualization of anxiety. Thus, clinicians and researchers should not generalize symptoms of psychological distress developed and researched on nonminority older adults to ethnic minority adults, and should consider such ethnic group differences in their assessment and treatment methods for ethnic minority adults. 相似文献
353.
Richard L. Wiener Mauricio Gaborit Christine C. Pritchard Erin M. McDonough Caryn R. Staebler Deane C. Wiley Kristen S. Goldkamp 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1994,12(1):89-102
This Research Report presents an initial attempt to apply the theory of counterfactual thinking to study the cognitive processes that underlie judgments of negligence. Subjects reviewed a summary of an appellate case involving a work accident and listed all the ways in which the accident could have been undone (mutated). Participants' evaluations of the defendant's behavior were influenced by the ease of mutation of the negligent act and other mutations of the defendant's behavior, but not by the number of mutations of the plaintiffs conduct. Exploratory path analysis suggested that counterfactual thinking may have its greatest impact not as a direct influence on verdicts and damages, but rather as an indirect influence impacting verdicts through lower level judgments about the normality of the defendant's behavior and the standard of care. The results also suggest that contrary to the law, subjects base their negligence verdicts on assessments of normal care along with due care. 相似文献
354.
Kristen C. Nelson 《International journal of stress management》1994,1(4):335-335
Future Meetings Related to Stress Management 相似文献
355.
Evan Weingarten Kristen Duke Wendy Liu Rebecca W. Hamilton On Amir Gil Appel Moran Cerf Joseph K. Goodman Andrea C. Morales Ed O’Brien Jordi Quoidbach Monic Sun 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2023,33(1):97-106
Extant literature suggests that consumers derive more happiness from experiences (e.g., vacations) than from material possessions (e.g., furniture). However, this literature typically pits material against experiential consumption, treating them as a single bipolar construct of their relative dominance: more material or more experiential. This focus on relative dominance leaves unanswered questions regarding how different levels of material and experiential qualities each contribute to happiness. Four preregistered studies (N = 3,288), using hundreds of product categories, measured levels of material and experiential qualities using two unipolar items. These studies investigate recalled, evoked, and anticipated happiness. Results show a more nuanced view of the experiential advantage that is critical for future research and consumer theory: material and experiential qualities both have positive relationships with happiness. Further, there is no inherent trade-off between experiential and material qualities: consumers can enjoy consumption that is high on both (e.g., swimming pools and home improvements). 相似文献
356.
Tonya N. Davis Abby Hodges Regan Weston Emily Hogan Kristen Padilla-Mainor 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2017,26(3):238-249
Preferred forms of social interaction were identified using a paired-stimulus format in which two 3–5 s videos of the experimenter providing the social interaction to the participant were presented. Reinforcer efficacy of the high-, medium-, and low-preferred interactions was evaluated using a progressive-ratio schedule to determine the amount of work maintained by the stimuli. Results showed that higher preference stimuli produced larger break points than did lower preference stimuli. 相似文献
357.
Lisa Madlensky Angela M. Trepanier Deborah Cragun Barbara Lerner Kristen M. Shannon Heather Zierhut 《Journal of genetic counseling》2017,26(3):361-378
As healthcare reimbursement is increasingly tied to value-of-service, it is critical for the genetic counselor (GC) profession to demonstrate the value added by GCs through outcomes research. We conducted a rapid systematic literature review to identify outcomes of genetic counseling. Web of Science (including PubMed) and CINAHL databases were systematically searched to identify articles meeting the following criteria: 1) measures were assessed before and after genetic counseling (pre-post design) or comparisons were made between a GC group vs. a non-GC group (comparative cohort design); 2) genetic counseling outcomes could be assessed independently of genetic testing outcomes, and 3) genetic counseling was conducted by masters-level genetic counselors, or non-physician providers. Twenty-three papers met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were in the cancer genetic setting and the most commonly measured outcomes included knowledge, anxiety or distress, satisfaction, perceived risk, genetic testing (intentions or receipt), health behaviors, and decisional conflict. Results suggest that genetic counseling can lead to increased knowledge, perceived personal control, positive health behaviors, and improved risk perception accuracy as well as decreases in anxiety, cancer-related worry, and decisional conflict. However, further studies are needed to evaluate a wider array of outcomes in more diverse genetic counseling settings. 相似文献
358.
A central issue in cognitive neuroscience of aging research is pinpointing precise neural mechanisms that determine cognitive
outcome in late adulthood as well as identifying early markers of less successful cognitive aging. One promising biomarker
is beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Several new radiotracers have been developed that bind to fibrillar Aβ providing sensitive
estimates of amyloid deposition in various brain regions. Aβ imaging has been primarily used to study patients with Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD) and individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI); however, there is now building data on Aβ deposition in
healthy controls that suggest at least 20% and perhaps as much as a third of healthy older adults show significant deposition.
Considerable evidence suggests amyloid deposition precedes declines in cognition and may be the initiator in a cascade of
events that indirectly leads to age-related cognitive decline. We review studies of Aβ deposition imaging in AD, MCI, and
normal adults, its cognitive consequences, and the role of genetic risk and cognitive reserve. 相似文献
359.
Andrea V. McPherson Kristen M. Lewis Amy E. Lynn Mary E. Haskett Tara S. Behrend 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):61-69
We examined a model of parenting stress for abusive mothers (n = 80) and nonabusive mothers (n = 86) using linear regression analyses. Predictors in the model included (a) the degree to which mothers were bothered by
child misbehavior, (b) mothers’ general psychological functioning, and (c) observed child behavior during parent–child interactions.
Whether abuse status moderated the relations between each predictor and parenting stress was also explored. Results indicated
that mothers’ psychological functioning significantly predicted parenting stress; however, neither mothers’ intolerance for
their children’s misbehavior nor observed child behavior were significant predictors of parenting stress in the regression
model. A test of moderation revealed a significant interaction between parental intolerance and abuse status such that intolerance
predicted parenting stress level only for abusive mothers. A comparison of correlations indicated that abusive mothers’ level
of parenting stress was more closely related to their intolerance for child conduct problems than to the child’s behavior
during play with their mothers. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions to reduce parenting stress
experienced by nonabusive and abusive mothers. 相似文献
360.
Michael J. Lyons Timothy P. York Carol E. Franz Michael D. Grant Lindon J. Eaves Kristen C. Jacobson K. Warner Schaie Matthew S. Panizzon Corwin Boake Hong Xian Rosemary Toomey Seth A. Eisen William S. Kremen 《Psychological science》2009,20(9):1146-1152
ABSTRACT— Previous research has demonstrated stability of cognitive ability and marked heritability during adulthood, but questions remain about the extent to which genetic factors account for this stability. We conducted a 35-year longitudinal assessment of general cognitive ability using the Armed Forces Qualification Test administered to 7,232 male twins in early adulthood and readministered to a subset of 1,237 twins during late middle age. The proportion of variance in cognitive functioning explained by genetic factors was .49 in young adulthood and .57 in late middle age. The correlation between the two administrations was .74 with a genetic correlation of 1.0, indicating that the same genetic influences operated at both times. Genetic factors were primarily responsible for stability, and nonshared environmental factors were primarily responsible for change. The genetic factors influencing cognition may change across other eras, but the same genetic influences are operating from early adulthood to late middle age. 相似文献