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141.
The own-race advantage in face recognition has been hypothesized as being due to a superiority in the processing of configural information for own-race faces. Here we examined the contributions of both configural and component processing to the own-race advantage. We recruited 48 Caucasian participants in Australia and 48 Chinese participants in Hong Kong, and had them study Caucasian and Chinese faces. After study, they were shown old faces (along with distractors) that were either blurred (isolating configural processing), in which high spatial frequencies were removed from the intact faces, or scrambled (isolating component processing), in which the locations of all face components were rearranged. Participants performed better on the memory test for own-race faces in both the blurred (configural) and scrambled (component) conditions, showing an own-race advantage for both configural and component processing. These results suggest that the own-race advantage in face recognition is due to a general facilitation in different forms of face processing. 相似文献
142.
143.
Humans and other animals are highly sensitive to deviations from bilateral symmetry and prefer symmetric mates. Fluctuating
asymmetries (FAs) are random deviations from perfect symmetry that can result from developmental instability. Human perceptions
of facial asymmetry are driven by FAs and insensitive to directional asymmetries (DAs), which have a consistent direction
of bias (e.g., left side always larger) across the population and are unrelated to developmental stability. We hypothesized
that perceptual adaptation may filter out DAs and provide a proximate mechanism for this perceptual focus on FAs. We created
a small population of faces with DAs by applying a unilateral distortion to the same side of each face. After 5 min of adaptation,
(new) faces with these DAs looked less asymmetric and the most symmetric-looking distortion shifted toward the adapting asymmetry
level. Parallel changes occurred for attractiveness. We suggest that perceptual adaptation may provide the proximate mechanism
for an evolutionarily adaptive focus on FAs. 相似文献
144.
Jean E. Rhodes Josefina M. Contreras Sarah C. Mangelsdorf 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(2):211-227
Investigated the antecedents, effects, and underlying characteristics of natural mentor relationships in a sample of 54 inner-city,
Latina adolescent mothers. Women with mentors reported significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety than those without
mentors despite similar levels of stress exposure and overall support resources. Young women with natural mentors were also
more satisfied with their support resources and appeared better able to cope effectively with relationship problems. Finally,
women with mentors recalled their childhood relationships with their mothers as more accepting. Mentor relationships appear
to enhance young women's capacity to benefit from their support resources and offset the effects of relationship problems.
Implications for future research and intervention strategies are discussed.
This study was conducted while Josefina Contreras was supported by a training grant from the National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development which was awarded to the Psychology Department of the University of Illinois. Assistance was also provided
by grants from the W. T. Grant Foundation, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the Office of
Research on Women's Health to Jean Rhodes, and the University of Illinois Research Board to Sarah Mangelsdorf. We also gratefully
acknowledge the assistance of Fabricio Balkazar, James Kelly, Joseph McGrath, Adena Meyers, the staff and participants at
the service settings, and the anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
145.
Francis X. Clooney S.J. Gail Hinich Sutherland Lou Ratté Francis X. Clooney S.J. Carl Olson Constantina Rhodes Bailly Alex Wayman Herman Tull Sheila McDonough Robert Zydenbos Cynthia Ann Humes Sarah Caldwell Deepak Sharma Robin Rinehart Robert N. Minor Frank J. Korom Janice D. Willis Peter Flügel Vijay Prashad Muhammad Usman Erdosy Muhammad Usman Erdosy Antony Copley Steve Derné Swarna Rajagopalan Gavin Flood Rebecca J. Manring Michael York David Gordon White John Grimes Melissa Kerin Steven J. Rosen Anna B. Bigelow Carl Olson Will Sweetman 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》1997,1(3):596-643
146.
Howard S. Hock Kris Kogan Jessica K. Espinoza 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1997,59(7):1077-1088
Previous studies have indicated that the formation of coherent patterns for multielement motion displays depends onglobal cooperative interactions among large ensembles of spatially distributed motion detectors. These interactions enhance certain motion directions and suppress others. It is reported here that perceiving one element moving between two nearby locations likewise is subject to cooperative influences (possibly facilitating and inhibiting interactions within alocal ensemble of overlapping detectors). Thresholds depending on luminance contrast were measured for a generalized singleelement apparent-motion stimulus, and evidence for spontaneous switching and hysteresis effects indicated that motion perception near the 50% threshold was bistable. That is, for conditions in which motion and nonmotion were perceived half the time, the two percepts were distinct; when one was perceived, it clearly was discriminable from the other. These results indicated that (1) single-element apparent-motion thresholds depended on the immediately preceding state of the ensemble of motion detectors responding to the stimulus, and (2) the stimulus activation of individual motion detectors always might be influenced by recurrent, cooperative interactions resulting from the detectors’ being embedded within interconnected ensembles. 相似文献
147.
Murray Grossman Jenifer Mickanin Kris Onishi Keith M. Robinson Mark D'Esposito 《Brain and language》1997,60(3):443-463
Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) were exposed to a new verb in a naturalistic fashion. We probed their knowledge of the word's semantic and grammatical characteristics for several minutes following this exposure, and compared this with their performance on parallel measures assessing known words. Significant differences were seen between pAD patients and controls in the acquisition of the new verb's semantic meaning and its argument structure, but pAD patients did not differ from controls in the acquisition of the new word's grammatical form class. Individual patient analyses demonstrated parallel deficits restricted to the semantic meaning and argument structure of the new word and known words in several pAD patients, suggesting that a selective language impairment contributed to their word learning deficit. This pattern is consistent with an intimate relationship between semantic meaning and argument structure in semantic memory. Other pAD patients had difficulty learning about all aspects of the new word, despite good performance with known words, suggesting that compromised memory may have limited their lexical acquisition. 相似文献
148.
Kris Kissman PhD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1992,14(4):323-333
Following divorce or separation, many mother-headed families need to mourn losses, including reduced economic resources. They need to reestablish family rituals, confront such issues as time management and structural changes that can result in scapegoating or over-reliance on a parental child. Normalizing difficulties associated with parenting is important because single parents tend to internalize societal attribution of family difficulties to inadequate family structure rather than developmental stages, limited economic resources, and negative expectations about the capacity of women to head families. 相似文献
149.
150.
Kris Kissman 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1999,21(3):373-384
This paper describes a camp program for homeless families and parenting groups aimed at discussing issues related to parenting while homeless. In groups and individual interviews, the women shared stories about multiple problems that negatively impacted parent/child relationships and their ability to maintain employment and residential stability. These problems included domestic violence, sexual abuse, and substance abuse. Evaluation of the camp program indicated that services available in the community and those provided by shelters were limited and mothers often had difficulties utilizing services. 相似文献