Preparing Students for Family Practice

This paper highlights the content of a course designed to prepare students for family practice, with emphasis on mothers as primary caregivers. A model is presented of relatively healthy family interactions characterized by co-parenting and equitable division of labor in the home. The strengths perspective is applied to family practice with mother-headed families where noncustodial fathers share responsibilities for childrearing. Challenges inherent in carrying out dual roles of wage labor and family caregiving are linked to social support and differences among women based on class, race, and ethnicity.     

Understanding multiple dimensions of compensation satisfaction

We conducted meta-analyses of multiple dimensions of compensation satisfaction. An examination of 213 samples from 182 studies yielded several interesting findings of importance to practice and future research. We examined the relationships among four dimensions of compensation satisfaction (pay level, pay raises, benefit level, pay structure and administration satisfaction), and found that the three dimensions related to direct pay are highly related to one another. The relationships between benefits and the three direct pay dimensions were modest. We also analyzed antecedents, correlates, and consequences of the four compensation satisfaction dimensions. The antecedents of pay raise satisfaction have received the most attention, and our results indicate that both perceptual (e.g., perceptions of the basis for a pay raise) and objective (i.e., the amount of the pay raise) antecedents play roles in determining pay raise satisfaction. Previous research on the relationship between employee costs for benefits and benefit satisfaction have been inconclusive. The meta-analysis yields a modest, negative relationship between employee costs and benefit satisfaction. Additional results provide the foundation for our discussion of the current state of research in these areas, recommendations for practice, and suggestions for future research.     

Extended simples

I argue that extended simples are possible. The argument given here parallels an argument given elsewhere for the claim that the shape properties of material objects are extrinsic, not intrinsic as is commonly supposed. In the final section of the paper, I show that if the shape properties of material objects are extrinsic, the most popular argument against extended simples fails.     

Scene perception and memory revealed by eye movements and receiver-operating characteristic analyses: does a cultural difference truly exist?

Cultural differences have been observed in scene perception and memory: Chinese participants purportedly attend to the background information more than did American participants. We investigated the influence of culture by recording eye movements during scene perception and while participants made recognition memory judgements. Real-world pictures with a focal object on a background were shown to both American and Chinese participants while their eye movements were recorded. Later, memory for the focal object in each scene was tested, and the relationship between the focal object (studied, new) and the background context (studied, new) was manipulated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves show that both sensitivity and response bias were changed when objects were tested in new contexts. However, neither the decrease in accuracy nor the response bias shift differed with culture. The eye movement patterns were also similar across cultural groups. Both groups made longer and more fixations on the focal objects than on the contexts. The similarity of eye movement patterns and recognition memory behaviour suggests that both Americans and Chinese use the same strategies in scene perception and memory.     

One-year temporal stability of delay-discount rates

The temporal stability of delay-discount rates for monetary rewards was assessed using a monetary choice questionnaire (Kirby & Marakovic, 1996). Of 100 undergraduate participants who completed the questionnaire at the initial session, 81 returned 5 weeks later and 46 returned 57 weeks later for subsequent sessions. The 5-week test—retest stability of discount rates was .77 (95% confidence interval 5 .67—.85), the 1-year stability was .71 (.50–.84), and the 57-week stability was .63 (.41—.77). Thus, at least when similar testing situations are reinstated, discount rates as individual differences have 1-year stabilities in the range that is typically obtained for personality traits. Discount rates index an attribute of the person that is relatively stable over time but that is moderated by aspects of the situation, such as reward type and deprivational state.     

Perinatal positive parenting: Three case reviews

Important insights into the nature of the Perinatal Positive Parenting program can be gained through case reviews by the volunteer parents regarding their experiences with the program. Some information about the impact of the program on the new parent involved can only be captured in this way. This is also true of the considerable positive impact the program has had on the volunteers themselves. In this article three of the Perinatal Positive Parenting program volunteers outline these dimensions in brief case reviews. Bibliographic vignettes of the three volunteers are also provided.