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181.
Structures and Structural Realism 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
182.
This research examined the effects of giving and receiving assistance on psychological well-being while taking into account other salient dimensions of social support including negative interaction and anticipated support. Structural equation models were evaluated by using data derived from a national probability sample of 1,103 individuals aged 65 years or older. Results indicate that the major dimensions of social support are significantly interrelated, not only directly but also indirectly. Giving and receiving support have both positive and negative consequences on well-being. With reference to the role of reciprocity, the evidence provides some support for the hypothesis of esteem enhancement instead of social exchange and equity theories. 相似文献
183.
Some test procedures of the computer assisted instrumentation system COMBITEST 2 were examined in order to evaluate the strength of diagnostical differentiation. For this purpose tests for evaluating the concentration capacity and the psychomotor performance, especially tapping, were used in a sample of 92 neurological patients (60 patients with and 32 without cerebral impairment). It became evident, that performance differentiations between patients with cerebral impairment and others are predominantly characterized by speed parameters (reaction time, duration of test), scarcely by parameters of accuracy (number of errors). Configuration - frequency - analyses emphasize deceleration of psychic/psychomotoric speed as diagnostic indicator in cerebral impaired patients: the best pattern was the "configuration" of reduced speed in concentration test and in tapping. 相似文献
184.
Chronic strain, locus of control, and distress in older adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N Krause 《Psychology and aging》1987,2(4):375-382
In this study, I examined whether locus of control beliefs buffer or mediate the impact of chronic financial strain on psychological well-being. Data are from a longitudinal survey of a random community sample of older adults. Findings suggest that elderly people with internal locus of control beliefs are less likely to suffer from the deleterious effects of chronic financial strain than are older adults with external locus of control orientations. 相似文献
185.
H Regel W R?se S H?hnel A Krause 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1985,37(3):151-155
Pre-operative fear is not only a psychologically stressing phenomenon for the patient, but also a considerable risk factor due to its somatical correlative. In a study, 150 patients who were to undergo planned surgery under general anaesthesia were questioned about their fears and worries concerning the anaesthetic. Self-rating scales and rating scales by doctors and a complaints analysis curve were used in addition to an interview system on illnesses and specific previous experiences. 54% of the patients were, according to specific criteria, assessed as being anxious or very anxious (for example diffused anxiety, premature weakening of the anaesthetic effect, worry about not waking up out of the anaesthetic). Several factors which could have an anxiety-lessening or increasing effect and which are of importance for the psychological preparation for an operation were deduced from the investigation. 相似文献
186.
Dualistic models of inflection assume a qualitative distinction between affix-based regular forms and stored irregular forms, predicting that the two distinct mechanisms can be selectively affected in language disorders. We present data on German participle formation from 11 agrammatic Broca's aphasics which show that irregular participles can be selectively affected in agrammatism. Moreover, the distribution of errors reveals a frequency effect for irregular but not for regular participles. Both findings argue for a dualistic representation of inflection. Moreover, we want to propose a modification of dualistic models by suggesting that both regularity and irregularity are better conceived of as scalar. 相似文献
187.
Research in the United States indicates that stressful life events may create psychological distress among older adults by eroding their sense of personal control and by diminishing their feelings of self-worth. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to replicate these findings with data provided by a recent nationwide survey of elderly people in the United States (N = 1,523) and (b) to compare these findings with results obtained from a nationwide survey of older adults in Japan (N = 1,517). The findings from both surveys are quite similar. The data indicate that financial strain tends to erode feelings of control and self-worth in both cultures, and the weakening of these personal resources in turn tends to increase depressive symptoms. 相似文献
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