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981.
Kenneth A. Wallston Barbara Strudler Wallston Shelton Smith Carolyn J. Dobbins 《Current Psychology》1987,6(1):5-25
Perceived control (PC) is defined as thebelief that one can determine one’s own internal states and behavior, influence one’s environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes.
Two important dimensions of PC are delineated: (1) whether the object of control is located in the past or the future and
(2) whether the object of control is over outcome, behavior, or process. A variety of constructs and measures of PC (e.g.,
efficacy, attribution, and locus of control) are discussed in relation to these dimensions and selected studies are reviewed.
The issues, controversies, and limits of the research on perceived control and health are addressed in terms of the antecedents
and consequences of perceived control. Investigations should clearly conceptualize the object of perceived control, use measures
that match the conceptualization, and when attempting to manipulate control, directly measure perceived control. The relation
between PC and health outcomes is complex, and different aspects of PC may interact to affect health outcomes. 相似文献
982.
Sixteen student volunteers were administered a placebo and 50 mg. of chlorpromazine in tablet form, on separate occasions,
two hours before testing. The three tests measured dichotic listening performance, lateral eye movements while answering questions
about spatial location and verbal meaning, and lateralized facial expression while relating pleasant and unpleasant life incidents.
Results showed that chlorpromazine increased the number of trials showing an ear advantage in dichotic listening. Chlorpromazine
reduced lateral and increased vertical eye movements in response to the questions about spatial location and verbal meaning.
Under the placebo both negative and positive emotions were expressed more in the left face. Although chlorpromazine did not
affect this lateralization of negative emotions, the expression of positive emotions occurred equally often on the two sides
of the face under chlorpromazine. Results may be related to an effect of chlorpromazine on the asymmetrical dopamine pathways
of the brain. It is suggested that the findings may be related to a left hemisphere deficit in schizophrenia. 相似文献
983.
984.
R. M. Foxx Martin J. McMorrow Michele Hernandez Martha Kyle Ron G. Bittle 《Behavioral Interventions》1987,2(2):77-88
A social skills training program was evaluated with emotionally disturbed adolescent inpatients. The targeted social skills required an action or reaction within six skill areas. The program was adapted from a commercially available social skills training game that features the use of response specific feedback, self-monitoring, individualized reinforcers, and individualized performance criteria. A peer conducted the baseline and posttraining sessions while the training was conducted by an adult who had no previous interactive history with the subjects. A multiple baseline design across groups demonstrated that the program increased appropriate responding in all skill areas and that these effects generalized during the posttraining peer conducted sessions. A generalization test indicated that the subjects used their newly learned skills with a novel adult outside the training setting. The program appears quite applicable to emotionally disturbed adolescents since it targets skills in a variety of areas and employs standardized procedures to enhance replicability. 相似文献
985.
Orlando J. Andy M.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1987,22(4):132-144
Chronic pain consisting of anesthesia dolorosa secondary to bilateral interruption of the trigeminal nerves is presented as a brain stem reticular denervation syndrome. Electrothalamograms revealed fast frequency discharges in the mesothalamic prerubral and centermedian reticular formation. Mesothalamic electrical stimulation attenuated the discharges. Pain and other symptoms presumably of brainstem origin also were attenuated or abolished by therapeutic electrical stimulation twice daily. It is postulated that brain stem-represented behavioral generators are implicated by the reticular discharges in order to produce the complex symptomatology. Consequently the symptom complex is collectively identified as a brainstem “mini-discharge” syndrome. A theoretical discussion is presented to defend the thesis that reticular denervation-induced low threshold discharge system accounts for the episodic states of pain, dyskinesia, mood, and memory disturbances. 相似文献
986.
987.
S Hesse-Biber A Clayton-Matthews J A Downey 《Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs》1987,113(4):509-528
Among a sample of American college students, body image and the degree of desired weight change were associated with academic self-rankings, with social and psychological well-being, and with the development of eating difficulties. The effects of body image and desired weight change on eating disorders were generally found to be greater for women than for men, and their effects on student self-rankings of academic ability, social, and psychological traits were more pervasive for women than for men. The less attractive a woman perceived herself to be and the more weight she wanted to lose, the greater was her overall sense of academic, social, and psychological impairment. Women who had poor body images and who desired to lose weight were more likely to report eating difficulties. 相似文献
988.
A design for an Apple II interface that senses relative rotary position and/or motion via a digital potentiometer is presented. A thorough discussion of the circuit’s theory of operation and a fully commented BASIC software listing are included. Suggested applications include an infinite-turn rotary device for psychophysical methods of adjustment, the sensing of rotary translations of a steering wheel in a driving simulator, and a digital tachometer/odometer for tracking performance on stationary exercise bicycles and treadmills. 相似文献
989.
A technique is described in which line-drawn pictures can be rapidly interlaced, allowing for sequential part presentation or tachistoscopic presentation on the Apple II. This is accomplished using a two-stage process in which the pictorial stimuli are converted into machine code data files and then used to create a rapidly changing display consisting of two or more line drawings. The latter stage could be accomplished in less than 2 msec but is limited by the frame time of the monitor (17–20 msec). 相似文献
990.
Sidney J. Segalowitz 《Behavior research methods》1987,19(4):383-388
Due to cost, speed, and flexibility, the IBM PC and compatibles are good computers for laboratory use. Outlined here is a program that allows a computer from this class of machines to be used as a tachistoscope. The example given is for visual half-field presentation and can be easily modified for other presentation paradigms. 相似文献