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851.
Motivated by a question of W. Rautenberg, we prove that any matrix that is term-equivalent to the well-known nonfinitely based matrix of A. Wroski is itself also nonfinitely based. 相似文献
852.
Puzyński S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(1):135-142
The paper presents major ethical, legal and methodological problems related to the use of placebo in mental disorders, especially
in depression. It is pointed out that although authoritative groups of experts and numerous publications in the field of psychopharmacology
indicate advisability of the double blind design with placebo in clinical trials of antidepressants, in recent years there
have been more and more voices questioning legitimacy of this method. Objections of an ethical nature are raised, and reliability
of this approach is put into doubt from the methodological viewpoint. These issues are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Available alternative solutions should be implemented in psychotropic drug studies. The author shares these objections and
doubts of an ethical nature, and believes that the placebo procedure is not a necessity in clinical trials of antidepressants.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research
Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003. 相似文献
853.
Todorov JC 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2003,80(3):341-343
Science and Human Behavior was translated to Portuguese as part of the effort to begin a psychology course at the University of Brasília 40 years ago; one of the many results of the first visit of Fred S. Keller to Brazil. The book has been used continuously in undergraduate courses in Brazil since 1967. 相似文献
854.
Switula D 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):147-156
Quality in clinical research may be defined as compliance with requirements together with credibility and reliability of the
data obtained. Sponsors usually apply Quality Management Systems (QMS) to ensure, control, maintain, and improve quality.
These systems encompass several preventive measures, tools, and controls. Standard QMS applied by clinical research sponsors
may be based on ISO 9000.
An earlier version of the paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible
Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
855.
Associative and causal reasoning accounts are probably the two most influential types of accounts of causal reasoning processes. Only causal reasoning accounts predict certain asymmetries between predictive (i.e., reasoning from causes to effects) and diagnostic (i.e., reasoning from effects to causes) inferences regarding cue-interaction phenomena (e.g., the overshadowing effect). In the experiments reported here, we attempted to delimit the conditions under which these asymmetries occur. The results show that unless participants perceived the relevance of causal information to solving the task, predictive and diagnostic inferences were symmetrical. Specifically, Experiments 1A and 1B showed that implicitly stressing the relevance of causal information by having participants review the instructions favored the presence of asymmetries between predictive and diagnostic situations. In addition, Experiment 2 showed that explicitly stressing the relevance of causal information by stating the importance of the causal role of events after the instructions were given also favored the asymmetry. 相似文献
856.
Rosa-Salva Orsola Hernik Mikołaj Fabbroni Martina Lorenzi Elena Vallortigara Giorgio 《Animal cognition》2023,26(4):1177-1189
Animal Cognition - Domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) have been widely used as a model to study the motion cues that allow visually naïve organisms to detect animate agents shortly... 相似文献
857.
Axiomathes - Some important and decisive observations allowed a widespread and almost unquestionable acceptance of the big bang cosmology, but we can admit and search other factors that have... 相似文献
858.
Ana Teixeira de Melo Madalena Alarcão Inês Pimentel 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(5):420-433
This study analyzed the reliability and validity of three rating scales designed to assess practitioners’ skills in conducting systemic, collaborative, and strength-based assessments and interventions with multi-challenged families in family-based community services. The three scales, which assess reception and assessment skills, basic skills, and skills to support change, revealed good psychometric properties considering their construct validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater agreement. The results are discussed considering future research and possible applications of the scales in research and practice. 相似文献
859.
David Pascual-Ezama Beatriz Gil-Gómez de Liaño Bárbara Scandroglio 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(3):656-682
AbstractClear empirical evidence has been found on how significant changes to a person’s environment can alter their behaviour. This is important when considering investments made on the stock exchange as the variations that occur in stock market prices are frequent and continuous. This study analyses the role instability has on individual investors’ behaviour when investing in the stock market. The results suggest that instability in investment situations plays a significant role in individual investors’ behaviour, probably due to the emotional effect provoked by the possibility of suddenly losing savings. This would modify the perception investors have about investing as well as their intentions, attitudes and feelings of control in regards to investment in financial markets, thus hindering the capacity to predict their behaviour. 相似文献
860.
Jadwiga Małgorzata Rakowska 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(6):687-705
Background: Little is known about the impact of interventions targeting chronic stress levels on clinical outcomes among myocardial infarction (MI) patients with increased levels of stress. Objectives: To examine the impact of the addition of brief strategic therapy (BST) to usual care (UC) on clinical outcomes in first MI patients with increased levels of stress. Design: Eighty-one patients were randomly assigned to BST in conjunction with UC (medical treatment, risk factor information, and guidance on unhealthy behavior change) or to UC. Methods: The outcome measures were scores on the Perceived Stress Scale, reinfarction and cardiac mortality rates, and scores on the Health Survey. Measures were taken before, post-treatment, and at two follow-ups. Results: Patients subjected to BST showed reduced perceived stress at post-treatment and maintained decreased levels at follow-ups. At 1-year follow-up, they had a lower rate of non-fatal reinfarction, and at 2.5-year follow-up, they had a lower rate of fatal reinfarction. Their mental and physical health was improved at post-treatment and this was sustained at follow-ups. Conclusion: The addition of BST to UC favorably influences the disease course after MI in patients with increased levels of stress. 相似文献