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51.
Melina A. Kunar Derrick G. Watson Konstantinos Tsetsos Nick Chater 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2017,79(6):1615-1627
People often have to make decisions based on many pieces of information. Previous work has found that people are able to integrate values presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream to make informed judgements on the overall stream value (Tsetsos et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(24), 9659–9664, 2012). It is also well known that attentional mechanisms influence how people process information. However, it is unknown how attentional factors impact value judgements of integrated material. The current study is the first of its kind to investigate whether value judgements are influenced by attentional processes when assimilating information. Experiments 1–3 examined whether the attentional salience of an item within an RSVP stream affected judgements of overall stream value. The results showed that the presence of an irrelevant high or low value salient item biased people to judge the stream as having a higher or lower overall mean value, respectively. Experiments 4–7 directly tested Tsetsos et al.’s (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(24), 9659–9664, 2012) theory examining whether extreme values in an RSVP stream become over-weighted, thereby capturing attention more than other values in the stream. The results showed that the presence of both a high (Experiments 4, 6 and 7) and a low (Experiment 5) value outlier captures attention leading to less accurate report of subsequent items in the stream. Taken together, the results showed that valuations can be influenced by attentional processes, and can lead to less accurate subjective judgements. 相似文献
52.
For seven days, participants described the important interactions they had using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record and reported their attachment style using Bartholomew's four‐category system. A series of multilevel random coefficient analyses found that across all interactions securely attached participants, compared to those who were insecurely attached, found their interactions to be more intimate and more positive emotionally. Secure participants also felt that others were more responsive to them and their needs. Secure–insecure differences were most pronounced when secure and dismissive avoidant participants were compared. Differences between secure and fearful types were minimal. In contrast, differences in reactions to interactions with close and not close friends were more pronounced for fearful types than for secures, dismissing, or preoccupied types. These results highlight the importance of distinguishing fearful and dismissive avoidance. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
Fountoulakis KN 《CNS spectrums》2008,13(9):763-74, 777-9
Manic depression, or bipolar disorder, is a multifaceted illness with an inevitably complex treatment. The current article summarizes the current status of our knowledge and practice concerning its diagnosis and treatment. While the prototypic clinical picture concerns the "classic" bipolar disorder, today mixed episodes with incomplete recovery and significant psychosocial impairment are more frequent. The clinical picture of these mixed episodes is variable, eludes contemporary classification systems, and possibly includes a constellation of mental syndromes currently classified elsewhere. Treatment includes the careful combination of lithium, antiepileptics, atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants, but not all of the agents in these broad categories are effective for the treatment of bipolar disorder. 相似文献
54.
Konstantinos M. Ntinas 《Behavioral Interventions》2007,22(2):165-177
The aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the principle of normalization and behavior modification with reference to the use of moderate punishment. Applying the normalization ideology through non‐aversive strategies alone has resulted in poor outcomes. Research demonstrates that moderate punishment can be a useful aid towards the development of normative interventions. In this way the negative implications of the dogmatic equation of ‘normativeness’ with non‐aversiveness on the effectiveness of intervention are avoided. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Tsorbatzoudis H Alexandris K Zahariadis P Grouios G 《Perceptual and motor skills》2006,103(2):363-374
This study aimed at investigating the effect of motivational dimensions proposed by Pelletier, et al. in 1995, both on sport participation levels and on intention for continuing participation among adult recreational sport participants. Two hundred and fifty-seven adult individuals, who reported participation in some type of sport and physical activity, completed the Sport Motivation Scale and a scale measuring intention. The study provided evidence to suggest that increased motivation leads to increased participation. Amotivation significantly decreased from the least to the most frequent participant groups, while both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation followed the reverse pattern. The results also indicated that increased intrinsic motivation to gain knowledge and accomplishment and extrinsic motivation (introjected regulation) are positively correlated with individuals' intentions to continue participation, while amotivation is negatively related. These results provide limited support for the self-determination theory. Implications for sport participation promotion are discussed. 相似文献
56.
Discrete state learning models that make Markov assumptions are a powerful tool for the analysis and optimization of performance in paired associate tasks. We seek here to derive bounds on the complexity needed by such models in order to account for the critical effects of lag and retention intervals on paired associate learning. More specifically, after establishing that two different Markov chains are needed (one for describing the effects of trials where a paired associate is presented and one for describing the effects of trials where the paired associate is not presented), we determine the minimum number of states required in a Markov model with two chains. It is shown formally that, under certain psychologically plausible assumptions, more than three states are required. A model with two chains and four states is presented and it is shown empirically that it can account for the lag and retention effects in paired associate learning. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献
57.
Effrosyni Mitsopoulou Konstantinos Kafetsios Evangelos Karademas Emmanouil Papastefanakis Panagiotis G. Simos 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2013,35(1):123-131
We examined the factor structure, reliability, convergent and criterion validity of the Greek version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) using data from a community lifespan sample. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a clear six-factor structure consistent with the factor structure evidenced in English-speaking samples. The results also demonstrated adequate classical psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The scale branches demonstrated convergent and concurrent validity with personality, emotion intelligence abilities and coping strategies. The importance of using culturally validated dimensional measures of emotion regulation is discussed. 相似文献
58.
Extra‐powerful on the visuo‐perceptual space,but variable on the number space: Different effects of optokinetic stimulation in neglect patients 下载免费PDF全文
Marco Pitteri Georg Kerkhoff Ingo Keller Francesca Meneghello Konstantinos Priftis 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2015,9(2):299-318
We studied the effects of optokinetic stimulation (OKS; leftward, rightward, control) on the visuo‐perceptual and number space, in the same sample, during line bisection and mental number interval bisection tasks. To this end, we tested six patients with right‐hemisphere damage and neglect, six patients with right‐hemisphere damage but without neglect, and six neurologically healthy participants. In patients with neglect, we found a strong effect of leftward OKS on line bisection, but not on mental number interval bisection. We suggest that OKS influences the number space only under specific conditions. 相似文献
59.
Ella Daniel Judith P. Andersen Konstantinos Papazoglou 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2016,177(5):172-184
The authors examined the role of familial and national social identification in shaping the well-being (positive self-esteem [PSE] and satisfaction with life [SL]) among Israeli adolescents following a terrorist attack. Adolescents living in an attacked town (n = 259; M age = 16.19 years, SD = 0.74 years) and adolescents living in a not attacked town (n = 281; M age = 16.14 years, SD = 0.69 years) were studied longitudinally at 3 weeks and 1 year after the attack. Family identification promoted SL concurrently and PSE concurrently and longitudinally in both groups. Israeli identification hindered subsequent PSE and SL among trauma exposure group adolescents. The authors apply the findings to explain the protective and detrimental potential of social identification following traumatic experiences. 相似文献
60.
Alexander Kirchner-Häusler Felix D. Schönbrodt Ayse K. Uskul Vivian L. Vignoles Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón Vanessa A. Castillo Susan E. Cross Meral Gezici-Yalçın Charles Harb Shenel Husnu Keiko Ishii Panagiota Karamaouna Konstantinos Kafetsios Evangelia Kateri Juan Matamoros-Lima Rania Miniesy Jinkyung Na Zafer Özkan Stefano Pagliaro Charis Psaltis Dina Rabie Manuel Teresi Yukiko Uchida 《Journal of personality》2024,92(1):38-54