Comparison of longitudinal biomechanical adaptation to shoe degradation between the dominant and non-dominant legs during running

This study compared the biomechanical adaptation to running shoe degradation between the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) leg. Twenty-four runners performed a pre-test in the laboratory, completed 200 miles of road running in a pair of assigned shoes and then returned for a post-test. Kinetic and kinematic data of running in new and worn shoes were collected. Repeated measures ANOVA (Shoe × Leg) were used to analyze temporal, kinetic and kinematic variables (α = .05). A symmetry index (SI) was calculated for the temporal and kinetic variables and paired t-tests were used to compare the SI between shoe conditions. Stance time increased by approximately 7 ms in worn shoes (p = .027). Bilateral differences in the kinematic change (Shoe × Leg interaction) were seen in the torso (p < .05), knee (p < .05), marginally at the hip (p < .10) but not the ankle. No difference in kinetic variables or SI was observed. When running in worn shoes, the torso displayed reduced forward lean for both sides and to a greater extent during the D leg strike. The D hip and knee showed a more extended position for the worn shoe condition while an increased flexion was observed in the ND leg. Most of the kinematic differences observed were small and within the intra-subject variability measured during the same session. Future studies may consider performing a three-dimensional analysis at a higher sample rate and further explore whether asymmetrical adaptation is related to running injuries.     

我国环境保护的财政政策改革

环境保护政策的核心,是调节人与自然交换过程中各利益相关者的分配关系.换言之,它实际上就是一种财政政策.因此,环境保护政策的改革,除了取决于科学发展观下我国的发展方式转型的现实和财政政策的发展方向外,在我国政府主导型的环境保护政策下,它还受现有的行政管理体制约束.这些约束因子最后可以归结为五个政策障碍,而这些障碍,也只有通过财政政策为主体的改革,通过制度创新,才能得到化解,中国特色的环境保护政策体系也才能得以形成.     

大、中、小学生自卑感结构及发展特点

为了考察学生自卑感结构及其发展特点,并给出探索性的评定标准,从社会比较的视角出发,分别以大、中、小学生为被试,编制《大、中、小学生自卑感问卷》。结果发现:(1)《大、中、小学生自卑感问卷》具有良好的信度和效度;(2)生活自卑感、学业自卑感、社交(性格)自卑感是学生自卑感体验的重要内容,但不同学龄阶段学生的生活自卑感、学业自卑感、社交(性格)自卑感又有不同的所指。(3)性格自卑感在学生自卑感的形成与发展中起着桥梁与中介的作用,社交自卑感是学生性格自卑感发展的必然结果。     

厌恶的起源及其泛化:进化的观点

厌恶是人类的基本情绪之一,也是情绪心理学的研究重点。以进化论为指导的进化心理学对厌恶研究提供了一个崭新的理论视角,认为人类厌恶情绪源于抵御寄生物和保持种群规模的需要。现代人类的多种复杂的道德厌恶感与生理厌恶感有着同样的进化根源,人类的道德心理系统有部分是建立在更为古老的进化适应基础之上。     

弥赛亚的希望与新技术的未来

德里达的名著《马克思的幽灵们》于20世纪90年代初出版后,便在东西方世界引起了巨大的反响。而其中译本在国内的面世,更引发了国内学者对德里达思想及其解构哲学与马克思主义关系的探讨。迄今为止,国内已刊发的研究论文已为数不少,但主要关注点大都聚集于德里达“幽灵”概念的把握及其与马克思的关系。本文不揣陋见,试图从现代科技与社会的关系出发来对《马克思的幽灵们》所蕴涵的哲学价值做一探讨,期望达至对德里达思想的深度把握。不可否认,现代科学技术在德里达的思想中并不占据突出的地位。至少,德里达并没有像哈贝马斯那样喊出“作为意…     

围棋活动对小学生智力与学习的影响研究

研究采用瑞文高级推理测验和GITC测验对围棋特色学校小学生进行智力测试并与其他学校相同年级学小生进行比较,同时比较4组高年级被试的语文、数学成绩,结果表明下围棋具有很好的益智作用:从事围棋活动能促进小学生总体智力水平的发展,还能促进学生学习成绩的提高,而对数学成绩的促进尤其明显。     

Culture and context: East Asian American and European American differences in P3 event-related potentials and self-construal

Research has demonstrated differences in social and cognitive processes between East Asians and European Americans. Whereas East Asians have been characterized as being more sensitive to situational context and attending more to the perceptual field, European Americans have been characterized as being more focused on the object and being more field independent. The goal of the present experiment was to investigate differences in neural responses to target objects and stimulus context between East Asian Americans and European Americans using a three-stimulus novelty P3 event-related potential design. As hypothesized, European Americans displayed relatively greater target P3 amplitudes, indexing attention to target events, whereas East Asian Americans displayed relatively greater novelty P3 amplitudes, indexing attention to contextually deviant events. Furthermore, the authors found that interdependent self-construal mediated the relationship between culture and the novelty P3. These findings identify a specific pattern of neural activity associated with established cultural differences in contextual sensitivity.     

鲍德里亚是一个后现代主义者吗?——兼论现代技术与后现代的关系

鲍德里亚是否是一个典型的后现代论者,长期以来一直是国内外学界争论的核心问题。本文认为,这一问题并不是一个简单的概念之争。在鲍德里亚思想是否归属于“后现代主义”之争的背后,它反映的人们对现代消费社会、后工业社会、仿真社会或超真实社会的性质及其特征的认识。澄清并深化这一问题的研究,有助于加深对鲍德里亚思想的理解。为此,本文从现代技术的特征,即技术的仿真、仿像和超真实性等特征出发,对现代技术与现代性、后现代性的关系进行了考察,并在此基础上指出,鲍德里亚是一个以原始的“象征交换”为原则,对现代性进行激进批判的理论家和预言者,一个具有诸多后现代主义的特征,但又不仅仅局限于后现代性特征的学者,一个后现代性的超论者。当然,在这一问题的探讨中,必须对现代性、后现代性等概念加以给予必要的界定。     

解密的最好办法就是了解

北京八中,在推行素质教育的过程中,创造性地为学生设立了“研究性学习”这门课程。研究性课程的基本思路:像这样一个与任何学科都不沾边的课题,该选谁做指导老师呢?经过对学校老师的一番了解,发现团委的孔燕老师参加了《青少年科学世界观教育》的课题并经常组织学生进行各种德育社会实践活动,因此,最后决定请孔燕老师来指导这个课题。老师带着学生制定计划、实施研究、写作论文。下面就介绍一个研究性学习《神异现象研究——舍利子相关问题研究》课题。这个课题是同学们自己选择,并自愿组合完成的。在课题进行     

The acceptance of lonely others: effects of loneliness and gender of the target person and loneliness of the perceiver

The reactions of lonely people toward other lonely people and the relationship between loneliness and self-concepts were examined. The 2-way and 3-way interaction effects showed that low lonely perceivers reacted more negatively toward the lonely target person. The relationship between loneliness and self-concept was examined using a multidimensional measure of self-concept. Results showed that loneliness correlated negatively with self-concept. In multiple regression analyses, the most significant predictors of loneliness were self-concept of relations with same gender and opposite gender peers and general self-concept.