Effects of gender and sex role orientation on help-seeking attitudes

This study investigated the effects of gender and sex role orientation (masculinity and femininity) on attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help in a sample of 163 student trainee teachers (52 males and 111 females) in Singapore. The mean age of students was 25.39 years (SD = 3.80). ANOVAs revealed statistically significant main effects for gender and femininity on attitudes toward help-seeking. Specifically, females were reported to have more positive overall attitudes toward professional help-seeking and were more willing to recognize a personal need for professional help compared to males. Femininity significantly influenced students’ level of stigma tolerance. These findings suggest that both gender and sex role orientation play an independent role in influencing help-seeking attitudes. In addition, these variables appear to have a differential impact on different aspects of helpseeking.     

组织心理所有权、基于组织的自尊对积极组织行为的影响

采用自编的组织心理所有权、基于组织的自尊和积极组织行为等有效量表调查45家生产型企业共2566名员工,以检测组织心理所有权、基于组织的自尊对积极组织行为的影响。结果发现组织心理所有权、基于组织的自尊和积极组织行为之间有显著的正相关,组织心理所有权、基于组织的自尊对积极组织行为有显著正向预测作用,其中基于组织的自尊在组织心理所有权与积极组织行为之间起显著的部分中介作用。尤其是对组织及个人声誉或成就的心理所有权感对员工积极组织行为各个因素有显著正预测作用,基于组织的自尊在投入行为、主动行为和谋取人际和谐行为上影响效应更为显著。这意味着增强员工组织心理所有权感,培育员工主人翁意识和组织归属感,重视基于组织的自尊,提升员工的组织价值感和自豪感等措施有利于提升企业组织和个体绩效。     

个人与组织价值观匹配对员工工作投入、组织支持感的影响

采用问卷调查法,考察个人与组织价值观匹配和员工的工作满意度、工作投入、组织支持感以及离职意向之间的关系。对33家生产型企业798名员工进行了问卷调查,通过对数据的统计分析,结果表明：个人与组织价值观匹配对员工的工作满意度、工作投入和组织支持感具有显著的正向预测作用,对员工的离职意向具有显著的负向预测作用。     

抑郁症状阳性人群的初始沙盘特征

采用病例对照研究设计,探讨抑郁症状阳性人群初始沙盘特征。结果显示：抑郁症状阳性组在总数、动物、人物、建筑物、交通工具、植物类沙具使用少于对照组;抑郁症状阳性组沙盘空间领域使用少于对照组;抑郁症状阳性组在从哪里开始、对沙的态度、有无蓝色露底、是否使用桥、自己感觉是否满意、自我像是否在其中和主题场景上与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;沙盘主题特征回归分析显示进入抑郁症状阳性回归方程的沙盘主题特征变量有忽视、威胁、流动和能量。抑郁症状阳性人群在沙盘游戏中有特征性表现,初始沙盘具有临床心理评估的功能和价值。     

Iconic gestures prime words

Using a cross-modal semantic priming paradigm, both experiments of the present study investigated the link between the mental representations of iconic gestures and words. Two groups of the participants performed a primed lexical decision task where they had to discriminate between visually presented words and nonwords (e.g., flirp). Word targets (e.g., bird) were preceded by video clips depicting either semantically related (e.g., pair of hands flapping) or semantically unrelated (e.g., drawing a square with both hands) gestures. The duration of gestures was on average 3,500 ms in Experiment 1 but only 1,000 ms in Experiment 2. Significant priming effects were observed in both experiments, with faster response latencies for related gesture-word pairs than unrelated pairs. These results are consistent with the idea of interactions between the gestural and lexical representational systems, such that mere exposure to iconic gestures facilitates the recognition of semantically related words.     

论中观—唯识演进的语言哲学意义

对语词与事物关联的探讨,在古代印度哲学中付诸阙如,这成为早期佛教语言思想的基本语境。从部派佛教走向般若经类思想的过程中,语义的实体性被消解,中观的假名论开始成为佛教语言哲学的主流。在中观的名论与唯识的存有论之间出现了明显的分野。唯识由"空"、"无我"等命题,尤其是对阿赖耶识的性质、内涵的界说,开出了一条引导语言走向自我消解,从而在本体层面上转向存有论的语言思想途径。中观与唯识是两种至今仍有巨大影响的佛教学说,而在名实之辨上,唯识表现出了比中观更为丰富、缜密的思维逻辑,主要包括本体论的觉性和存有概念的缘义两个方面。     

Is more always better? Effects of semantic richness on lexical decision, speeded pronunciation, and semantic classification

Evidence from large-scale studies (Pexman, Hargreaves, Siakaluk, Bodner, & Pope, 2008) suggests that semantic richness, a multidimensional construct reflecting the extent of variability in the information associated with a word's meaning, facilitates visual word recognition. Specifically, recognition is better for words that (1) have more semantic neighbors, (2) possess referents with more features, and (3) are associated with more contexts. The present study extends Pexman et al. (2008) by examining how two additional measures of semantic richness, number of senses and number of associates (Pexman, Hargreaves, Edwards, Henry, & Goodyear, 2007), influence lexical decision, speeded pronunciation, and semantic classification performance, after controlling for an array of lexical and semantic variables. We found that number of features and contexts consistently facilitated word recognition but that the effects of semantic neighborhood density and number of associates were less robust. Words with more senses also elicited faster lexical decisions but less accurate semantic classifications. These findings point to how the effects of different semantic dimensions are selectively and adaptively modulated by task-specific demands.     

Authoritative Master Kong (Confucius) in An Authoritarian Age

Employing the distinction between the authoritarian (based on coercion) and the authoritative (based on excellence), this study of the understanding of authority in the Analects argues against interpretations of Confucianism which cast Confucius himself as advocating authoritarianism. Passages with key notions such as shang 上 and xia 下; fu 服 and cong 從; quan 權 and wei 威, are analyzed to illuminate ideas of hierarchy, obedience, and the nature of authority itself in the text. The evidence pieced together reveals the Master to be authoritative rather than authoritarian; and the social order to which he aspired is one based on excellence rather than on coercion. The article then considers why teachings which present a model of authority as authoritative ended up as often identified with authoritarianism and concludes with some thoughts about how Confucianism might be rescued from authoritarian practice.     

词素认知加工的理论模型及研究范式

自上世纪七十年代以来,随着视觉词汇加工领域的研究,多词素词的认知加工引起了研究者的广泛关注。文章对三十年来的研究进行综述和系统梳理,重点讨论词素在多词素词认知加工中的作用。虽然对词素加工的本质 (形或义的激活)仍未达成共识,但词素语义能否在多词素词加工的早期阶段得到激活已成为现今研究的焦点问题之一。相关研究大致可分为三个对立阶段：分解论与整体论之争、词素形式论与语义论之争、先形后义激活论与形义同时激活论之争。本文最后指出该研究领域尚未解决的问题并对未来研究进行了展望。