树立急救白金10分钟理念，提高社区猝死抢救成功率

探讨建立社区急救体系提高猝死抢救成功率,比较国际与我国的急救现状、分析建立社区急救体系的保障因素、建立大众与社区急救流程、分析“急救白金十分钟”抢救的时效性规律。提出建立社区以家庭为个体急救单位、单元有志愿者、大楼设置救护小组、社区内建立自救站的大众急救网络;在其中组织多层面的大众急救宣传的培训;设置醒目的急救器械;设置社区内的急救流程。社区医院的建设需要政府的大力支持,要努力提高急救人员素质、建立长期培训和准入制度、高危人群筛查、建立对讲呼叫通讯网络、配备急足够的急救器材。最终建立和达到社会范畴的“急救白金十分钟”的时效性理想。     

Mixing costs and switch costs when switching stimulus dimensions in serial predictions

Mixing costs and switch costs are two markers for the costs that arise in multitasking situations. To further explore mixing costs and switch costs, we used a serial prediction task in which subjects switched between stimulus dimensions (i.e., color, form, and position). Using this task, we demonstrate that both mixing costs and switch costs are influenced by task conflict and the resolution of interference. Here, we show that both mixing costs and switch costs are affected by a local factor, namely the necessity to resolve interference in the current trial in mixed blocks. However, whereas mixing costs can be sufficiently explained by interference resolution in the current trial, switch costs are also affected by carry-over effects from the preceding trial. As regards these carry-over effects, the present paradigm enabled us to demonstrate the influence of both persisting activation and persisting inhibition on the performance in switch trials.     

Dissociating cue-related and task-related processes in task inhibition: evidence from using a 2:1 cue-to-task mapping.

Performance of task sequences is assumed to rely on activation and inhibition of tasks. An empirical marker of task inhibition is the so-called n-2 repetition cost, which is assessed by comparing performance in trial n-2 task repetitions (i.e., ABA) with that in n-2 task switches (i.e., CBA). Current theoretical accounts assume that inhibition acts on the level of task representations (i.e., task sets). However, another potential target of task inhibition could be the representation of the task cue. To decide between these two alternatives, the authors used a 2:1 cue-to-task mapping design. They found significant n-2 task repetition costs both with n-2 cue repetitions and n-2 cue switches. These costs were about equal (Experiment 1), and this data pattern was found for both short and long cuing intervals (Experiment 2). Together, the data suggest that task inhibition acts on task sets and not on cue representations.     

Regulating cognitive control through approach-avoidance motor actions

In two studies, the regulatory function of approach-avoidance cues in activating cognitive control processes was investigated. It was hypothesized that avoidance motor actions, relative to approach motor actions, increase the recruitment of cognitive resources, resulting in better performance on tasks that draw on these capacities. In Study 1, error rates on a verbal response mode version of the Stroop task were analyzed. On inconsistent Stroop trials, participants in the avoidance condition made significantly fewer errors than those in the approach condition. In Study 2, performance differences on a task switching paradigm were investigated. Crucially, approach and avoidance motor actions were manipulated within-subjects by alternating between approach and avoidance motor actions on 4 blocks of trials. Temporal switching costs were significantly lower while performing an avoidance, compared to an approach motor action. These results support our hypothesis that avoidance cues, relative to approach cues, lead to improved performance on cognitive control tasks.     

强迫症相关的社会人文因素分析

强迫症是一种与许多因素相关的慢性精神障碍,涉及生物、心理、社会三个方面.通过分析强迫症患者社会人文特点,包括人口学因素、家庭环境因素以及生活事件的影响,探讨其中的危险因子和治疗效果的影响因素,希望对强迫症的病因病机有新的认识,对其治疗和预防有指导作用.     

略论气本体论对中医方法论的影响

中医之气本体乃非实体性、有象无形、非对象性的存在,这决定了中医方法论是一种生成整体论,其中,思维形式表现为象思维,实验方法表现为内证和外证相结合,观察方法表现为主客统一观照下以及理论渗透下的观察.中医的本体论和方法论对当今西方医学模式转型具有重要的启示.     

浮躁之风的根源到底源于何处

我国学术领域浮躁之风由来已久,且有愈演愈烈之势.究其根源,既有其深远的历史根源,又有其思想根源,但更主要的是社会根源,即体制问题.目前我国正处于社会转型时期,学术界相应的评价体系,激励机制还存在许多弊端,这才是浮躁之风的主要根源,同时目前尚缺少相应的惩罚机制也助长了浮躁之风.     

面对医疗高科技:领舞,还是伴舞——兼论肿瘤治疗中的高科技选择对策

人们在享受高科技带来的便利时,也注意到由其引起的困顿,但又无法避而不用.因此,面对医疗领域中层出不穷的高科技手段,不能只是“翩翩起舞”,盲目跟进,而要多方注意,从容“领舞”,为我所用.以肿瘤治疗为例,强调不能仅依靠高科技,更要用智慧PK肿瘤,人性化考虑第一,主张“基于效果的治疗”,并阐述了肿瘤防治的GI4P模式.     

癫痫预测方法的分析与研究

癫痫预测目的有两个从技术的层面去理解癫痫发作的机理,并对癫痫发作进行测量和改善,探索引发癫痫发作的周期性及先兆;开发出可靠的“癫痫发作前预警及治疗装置”。癫痫预测的主要研究方法有频域分析方法;时序分析方法;智能系统工程方法;非线性动力学方法。目前,越来越多的研究集中在非线性动力学的方法上,且来自多种方法的很多证据证明癫痫可以预测。