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31.
Christopher C. Knight 《Theology & Science》2018,16(2):151-165
The understanding of the mind usually adopted within the current science-theology dialogue is questionable. It fails to take into account something necessary to provide a non-reductionist understanding of religious faith: what in ancient and medieval theology was termed the nous. While this concept may require re-interpretation for our present age in terms of a different philosophical framework, any recognition of its reality will have a major impact on two aspects of current discussion: our response to philosophical idealism and our understanding of the eschatological state. 相似文献
32.
Expression of conditional fear without awareness has been previously demonstrated during delay conditioning, a procedure in
which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) overlap. However, less is known about the role of awareness
in trace fear conditioning, where an interval of time separates the CS and UCS. The present study assessed skin conductance
response (SCR) and UCS expectancy during delay and trace conditioning. UCS predictability was varied on a trial-bytrial basis
by presenting perithreshold auditory CSs. Differential UCS expectancies were demonstrated only on perceived delay and trace
trials. Learning-related SCRs were observed during both perceived and unperceived delay CSs. In contrast, differential SCRs
were demonstrated only for perceived trace CSs. These data suggest that awareness is necessary for conditional responding
during trace, but not delay, fear conditioning. 相似文献
33.
Knight TA 《Perceptual and motor skills》2006,102(1):214-218
Examiner's instructions for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition indicate that stopwatch display is optional. Since verbal instructions do not consistently inform examinees whether a subtest is timed, examinees may rely upon the visual cue of the stopwatch. Furthermore, examinees' understanding of the actual subtest demands may affect their performances. In the present study, 58 volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups, one in which the examiner displayed the stopwatch and one in which the stopwatch was concealed. Participants were administered the first five subtests. Predictions were that (1) participants to whom the stopwatch was displayed would more accurately perceive whether the subtests were timed, and (2) participants who accurately understood the demands of subtests would score higher than those who did not. Results supported the first hypothesis for three subtests out of five, one remaining inconclusive due to a ceiling effect. The second hypothesis was not supported. Both the implications and limitations of the present study are discussed. 相似文献
34.
Gene A. Brewer Justin B. Knight Richard L. Marsh Nash Unsworth 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(3):304-311
The multiprocess view proposes that different processes can be used to detect event-based prospective memory cues, depending
in part on the specificity of the cue. According to this theory, attentional processes are not necessary to detect focal cues,
whereas detection of nonfocal cues requires some form of controlled attention. This notion was tested using a design in which
we compared performance on a focal and on a nonfocal prospective memory task by participants with high or low working memory
capacity. An interaction was found, such that participants with high and low working memory performed equally well on the
focal task, whereas the participants with high working memory performed significantly better on the nonfocal task than did
their counterparts with low working memory. Thus, controlled attention was only necessary for detecting event-based prospective
memory cues in the nonfocal task. These results have implications for theories of prospective memory, the processes necessary
for cue detection, and the successful fulfillment of intentions. 相似文献
35.
Alessandro Quartiroli Edward F. Etzel Sharon M. Knight Rebecca A. Zakrajsek 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):147-167
Engaging in self-care has been proposed as a means of counteracting work–life stress that can negatively impact efforts by sport psychology practitioners (SPPs) to effectively and ethically care for their clients. Utilizing Hill's Consensual Qualitative Research methodological approach, researchers examined the perceptions, experiences, and meanings that 20 internationally located, experienced, senior-level SPPs attributed to their self-care. The researchers identified 3 main domains: (a) defining self-care for SPPs, (b) describing the self-care challenges SPPs faced, and (c) identifying the strategies used to overcome those challenges. The experienced and senior-level practitioners participating in this study recognized a need to sustain a relatively balanced approach in their professional and personal lives. They presented a perspective of self-care as necessary to effectively support and provide care for clients. The SPPs identified self-care as an important contributor to their sport psychology professional quality of life. Study findings have implications for the well-being of both novice and more experienced SPPs. 相似文献
36.
Knight Dunlap 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(3):481-501
Abstract Arlitt, A. S. Psychology of Infancy and Early Childhood. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1928. Pp. 228. $2.00. Gesell, A. Infancy and Human Growth. New York: Macmillan, 1928, Pp. 418. $3.50. Watson, J. B. Psychological Care of Infant and Child. New York: Norton, 1928. Pp. 195. $2.00. Reviewed by C. J. Warden Taylor, W. S. Morton Prince and Abnormal Psychology. New York: Appleton, 1928. Pp. xi + 137. Reviewed by Edmund S. Conklin De Sanctis, S. Religious Conversion: A Bio-psychological Study. Translated by Helen Augur. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1927. Pp. 324. Reviewed by Edmund S. Conklin Freud, S. The Ego and the Id. Translation by Joan Riviere. London: Hogarth Press, 1927. Pp. 88. Reviewed by Edmund S. Conklin Burrow, T. The Social Basis of Consciousness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1927. Pp. xviii + 256. $4.00. Reviewed by Edmund S. Conklin Brousseau, K., &; Brainerd, H. G. Mongolism: A Study of the Physical and Mental Characteristics of Mongolian Imbeciles. Baltimore: Williams &; Wilkins, 1928. Pp. 210. $4.50. Reviewed by Myra W. Kuenzel 相似文献
37.
Armando A. Pina Michelle Little George P. Knight Wendy K. Silverman 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(1):58-61
In normal vision, the various “gestalt-free” combinations which form early in a percept, are repressed by the emergence of the veridical composite perception; but in schizophrenic vision, with its inadequate repressive powers, the early combinations emerge as the completed composite. This completed composite, if at all veridical, is so only partially. Rorschach studies support the idea of a range of perceptual abortions among schizophrenics, varying directly with the process-reactive range. 相似文献
38.
Carl Knight 《South African Journal of Philosophy》2013,32(1):47-59
Discrimination might be considered unjust on account of the comparative disadvantage it imposes, the absolute advantage it imposes, the disrespect it shows, or the prejudice it shows. This article argues that each of these accounts overlooks some cases of unjust discrimination. In response to this state of affairs we might combine two or more of these accounts. A promising approach combines the comparative disadvantage and absolute disadvantage accounts. 相似文献
39.
William R. Stoeger SJ 《Zygon》2013,48(2):329-337
This article reviews, and offers supportive reflections on, the main points of Ernan McMullin's provocative 1998 article, “Cosmic Purpose and the Contingency of Human Evolution,’’ reprinted in this issue of Zygon. In it he addresses the important science‐theology issue of how the Creator's purpose and intention to assure the emergence of human beings is consonant with the radical contingency of the evolutionary process. After discussing cosmic and biological evolution and critically summarizing recent solutions to this question by Keith Ward, John Polkinghorne, Arthur Peacocke, Alvin Plantinga, and others, who presuppose in different ways that God is subject to time, McMullin compellingly argues for the traditional position, that God is unconditioned by time, and this enables God to work purposefully through contingency, randomness, and chance just as easily as through law‐like regularity. 相似文献
40.
Zelda G. Knight 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2013,23(5):461-469
The self as a psychological construct, and the self in relation to the other has been discussed in psychological and sociological literature for decades, but not much attention has been given to the psychological development of the self in relation to the social construction of prejudice. The primary aim of this article is to explore the self in prejudice and thus the psychological processes involved in the development of self within the social context. Consequently, the aim is to explore the self in the construction and expression of prejudice from both a social and psychological approach, and to explain selfhood influences at the individual, group and community levels. I use the conceptual framework of Kohut's self psychology as a lens to present the development of the self and thus the idea of the development of the self in relation to the other. In such exploration of self in prejudice, I present some of my ideas which include prejudice as an outcome of self-definition in the context of the other, as well as linking self in prejudice and group dynamics to attachment theory and the notion of “selfgroup’ in terms of overidentification with the in-group. While the social and the psychological in terms of the development of the self cannot be separated, I have therefore attempted to merge at some point the two bodies of thought in relation to the self in prejudice. 相似文献