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排序方式: 共有301条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
What's in a Name? A Multiracial Investigation of the Role of Occupational Stereotypes in Selection Decisions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eden B. King Saaid A. Mendoza Juan M. Madera Mikki R. Hebl Jennifer L. Knight 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(5):1145-1159
Bertrand & Mullainathan (2002) found evidence that race-typed names can have a significant influence on the evaluation of résumés. The current study expanded on their research by manipulating both the race (Asian American, Black, Hispanic, White) and quality of the résumé (high, low), and by considering occupational stereotypes as an explanatory mechanism. White male participants ( N =155) read a fictitious résumé, evaluated the applicant, and judged his suitability for jobs. The results revealed that Asian American individuals were evaluated highly for high-status jobs, regardless of their résumé quality. White and Hispanic applicants both benefited from a high-quality résumé, but Black applicants were evaluated negatively, even with strong credentials. Results of mediation analyses demonstrated that occupational stereotypes accounted for the relationship between race and evaluations of applicants. 相似文献
102.
Three studies are described in which age differences on a task measuring memory for delayed intentions using naturalistic stimuli were examined. A simulated street scene was constructed from a network of photographs and sounds that participants could move through using a touch screen while completing a series of event‐based shopping errand instructions. The objective of the research was to identify the cognitive processes involved in the task that were vulnerable to the effects of ageing. Memory search but not cue detection was specifically affected in older persons when participants were given fewer trials to learn the instructions. There was no age specific effect on cue detection or memory search in either an unfamiliar street or one with increased levels of irrelevant visual and auditory noise. Cue detection but not memory search was disproportionately affected in older persons after filled interruptions, suggesting that the capacity for self‐initiated reinstatement of working memory is reduced in old age. In general, using a computer‐based simulation of a real‐life task was found to be a practical means of examining the effects on behaviour and cognition of task parameters that are significant in assessing everyday memory abilities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of age on the noticing and memory search stages of a prospective memory task. Three groups (n=30) of older, middle‐aged, and younger persons were compared on a task using naturalistic stimuli, designed to simulate prospective remembering in everyday life. Participants were given a list of 30 instructions, each comprising an action (e.g. [Buy a hamburger]) and associated cue (e.g. [At McDonalds]). They then watched a videotape showing the view a person would have walking along a city street and attempted to recall each task when the cue appeared. The key finding was that older participants had a disproportionate reduction in recall of actions relative to cues noticed compared to both younger and middle‐aged participants. Although the older group were significantly less likely to notice cues than were the younger participants, noticing was preserved relative to memory search. The implication of this is that noticing complex and naturalistic visual cues in a shopping environment may rely primarily on automatic memory processes, whereas memory search depends on more strategic and conscious memory processes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
104.
Susan E. Gathercole Susan J. Pickering Camilla Knight Zoe Stegmann 《Applied cognitive psychology》2004,18(1):1-16
The relationship between working memory skills and performance on national curriculum assessments in English, mathematics and science was explored in groups of children aged 7 and 14 years. At 7 years, children's levels of attainment in both English and mathematics were significantly associated with working memory scores, and in particular with performance on complex span tasks. At 14 years, strong links persisted between the complex working memory test scores and attainments levels in both mathematics and science, although ability in the English assessments showed no strong association with working memory skill. The results suggest that the intellectual operations required in the curriculum areas of mathematics and science are constrained by the general capacity of working memory across the childhood years. However, whereas success in the acquisition in literacy (tapped by the English assessments at the youngest age) was also linked with working memory capacity, achievements in the higher‐level skills of comprehension and analysis of English literature assessed at 14 years were independent of working memory capacity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
George P. Knight Ivanna K. Guthrie Melanie C. Page Richard A. Fabes 《Aggressive behavior》2002,28(5):366-393
This meta‐analysis investigated the possibility that gender differences in aggression, and the variability in these differences, are a function of gender differences in the regulation of arousal generated in emotionally evocative contexts. The sample of studies for this analysis was based on an exhaustive search of the relevant research reports from 1965–1999. Studies were excluded from the sample if they were case studies; investigated spousal/familial or societal violence, war, suicide, or political violence; involved clinical or deviant participants; included fewer than 10 participants; included all male, all female, all non‐Caucasian, or non‐US/non‐Canadian participants. Based on previous evidence that males may be more easily aroused by aggressive‐relevant emotional stimuli than females, and that males may have more difficulty regulating emotionally arousing states than females, we hypothesized that the magnitude of the gender differences in aggression would covary, in a nonlinear manner, with the emotional evocativeness of the study context. Consistent with our hypothesis, the magnitude of gender differences in aggression was relatively small in research contexts that appeared to produce no or large increments in emotional arousal and larger (favoring males) in contexts that appeared to produce small or medium increments in emotional arousal. Aggr. Behav. 28:366–393, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
106.
by Christopher C. Knight 《Zygon》2009,44(3):533-542
Although naturalistic perspectives are an important component of their accounts of divine action, most participants in the current dialogue between science and theology eschew a purely naturalistic model. They believe that certain events of divine providence require a special mode of divine action, over and above that inherent in naturalistic processes. The analogy of human providential action suggests, however, that a strong theistic naturalism can account for these events. This model does not depend on a particular notion of God's relationship to time and is not inherently implausible from a scientific perspective. Although it can be interpreted deistically, the model also is consonant with a nondeistic theology that may be described as involving a pansacramental or incarnational naturalism. 相似文献
107.
108.
George P. Knight Lynn M. Virdin Katheryn A. Ocampo Mark Roosa 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(6):767-783
Recently there has been concern over the need for mental health research within ethnic minority populations, particularly
Hispanic populations. Although there has been research focusing upon the similarity of mental health problems among Hispanic
and Anglo-American samples, the absence of information regarding the cross-ethnic measurement equivalence of the assessment
tools used in these comparisons seriously limits the interpretability of these findings. The two reported studies were designed
to (a) examine the cross-ethnic functional and scalar equivalence of several mental health measures by examining the interrelations
of these mental health indicators and examining the regression equations using negative life events to predict mental health
outcomes; and (b) compare several mental health indicators among Hispanic and Anglo-American 8- to 14-year-old children. Findings
suggest considerable cross-ethnic functional and scalar equivalence for the measure of depression, conduct disorders, and
negative life events. In addition, findings indicate that the Hispanic children scored higher in depression than did the Anglo-American
children, but this difference could be a function of differences in SES. The reader is cautioned that the present samples
included only English-speaking and primarily Mexican American children.
This study was funded by the National Institute for Mental Health Grant 2-P50-MH39246-06 to support the Preventive Intervention
Research Center at Arizona State University. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions made by Tim Ayers, Carolyn
Berg, Leah Gensheimer, Joanne Gersten, Nancy Groppenbacher, Lisa Jack, Lillian Lengua, Marcia Michaels, Irwin Sandler, and
Jerome Short. 相似文献
109.
Jacqueline J. Goodnow Judith Cashmore Sandra Cotton Rosemary Knight 《International journal of psychology》1984,19(1-4):193-205
To explore differences in concepts about development, mothers in two cultural groups were interviewed to determine: (a) their developmental timetables (the ages at which they expected various skills to appear); (b) the extent to which they taught various skills before school; and (c) the extent to which they perceived several qualities, once established, as stable over time. Variables were the child's gender, the child's birth order (first or not first to begin school), and the mother's ethnic background (Australian-born or Lebanese-born). Gender and birth order showed minimal effects; ethnicity had a strong effect in areas (a) and (b) but not (c). The results bring out the content of mothers' ideas, raise questions about factors affecting this content, and point to some aspects of mothers' ideas as inter-related. 相似文献
110.
A major task of the minister is that of healer, and with the healing task come some special opportunities. These relate to the therapy of the word, awakening in all the tragic sense of life, an identity with the wounded healer, distinguishing between healing and curing, and accepting the medical education enterprise as a patient. The healer as minister broadens the healing community into a priesthood of all believers. Further, our rich heritage of healing is anchored in the biblical tradition, and a study of this will show a similarity between ancient and modern healing.This article is based on a paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Ministers in Medical Education of the Society for Health and Human Values, Washington, D.C., October 23–26, 1980. 相似文献