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131.
Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets Niels van de Ven Yvonne van der Velden 《Motivation and emotion》2016,40(3):455-463
The question what specific functions the production of emotional tears fulfills has received only limited attention of behavioral scientists. We report the results of two studies on the social impact of emotional tears. In Study 1 (96 Dutch females), perceived helplessness and felt connectedness predicted the willingness to help a person depicted as crying tearfully, while perceived friendliness did not. In Study 2 (US sample, 128 males, 68 females) all three of these variables mediated the effect the display of tears had on the willingness to help. Our results replicate and extend previous work and add to current knowledge by showing that tearful crying facilitates helping behavior and by identifying reasons why people are more willing to help criers. These findings help to put forth novel predictions on the impact of tearful crying on others. 相似文献
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133.
Additional evidence is obtained for the notion that stereotypes guide information processing and judgment inference under high processing demands. Subjects were provided with behavioural information about members of a social group. When presentation pace was high, subjects recalled more stereotype-consistent information than stereotype-inconsistent information, while this pattern was reversed under conditions of low presentation pace. Furthermore, judgments were more stereotypic when presentation pace was high. 相似文献
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135.
Wismeijer AA Sijtsma K van Assen MA Vingerhoets AJ 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(4):323-334
We discuss and contrast 2 methods for investigating the dimensionality of data from tests and questionnaires: the popular principal components analysis (PCA) and the more recent Mokken scale analysis (MSA; Mokken, 1971). First, we discuss the theoretical similarities and differences between both methods. Then, we use both methods to analyze data collected by means of Larson and Chastain's (1990) Self-Concealment Scale (SCS). We present the different results and highlight the instances in which the methods complement one another so as to obtain a stronger result than would be obtained using only 1 method. Finally, we discuss the implications of the results for the dimensionality of the SCS and provide recommendations for both the further development of the SCS and the future use of PCA and MSA in personality research. 相似文献
136.
The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) is well known for his pessimism. He did not believe in real happiness.
In his view, the best a person can achieve is to reduce misery. At the end of his career, he wrote a book on how to live the
most bearable life. This is a practical guide based on his personal experiences and illustrated by quotations from other thinkers
subscribing to his views. In this paper, we summarize his recommendations and compare these with conditions for happiness
as observed in present day empirical research. Little of the advice appears to fit current research on conditions for happiness.
Following Schopenhauer’s advice would probably make us unhappier, even if we had the same neurotic personality.
相似文献
Ad BergsmaEmail: |
137.
Asmir Gračanin Marcel A. L. M. van Assen Višnja Omrčen Ivana Koraj Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets 《Cognition & emotion》2017,31(1):139-150
Gelstein et al. reported the results of three experiments suggesting a dampening influence of inhalation of female emotional tears on males’ arousal and perception of female sexual attractiveness, specifically in non-sexual situations. This prompted the hypothesis that crying exerts its influence on others not only via the auditory and visual mode but also via chemosignals. In three studies, we attempted to replicate and extend Gelstein et al.’s findings by including an additional condition with irritant tears, by using pictures of sexually attractive women, and by testing related hypotheses on the pro-social effects of exposure to tears. All three studies, separately or combined in a meta-analysis, failed to replicate the original inhibitory effects of tears. In addition, sniffing tears did not affect measures of connectedness, aggression and pro-social behaviour. It is concluded that the effects of female tears on male arousal and perception of female sexual attractiveness, if any, are very weak at best. Rather, it seems that crying exerts its strong inter-personal effects through the visual and auditory sensory channels. 相似文献
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Infants of 9-16-month-old repeatedly saw a block that was lowered into the opening of a container. It was found that the more time infants have to see the block relative to the container the easier they detect that the object relation specifies containment. 相似文献
140.
In this study it is argued that a perceiver's regulatory focus (promotion or prevention) influences the amount of attention allocated to processing stimuli from the environment. Results of two experiments, employing an interference task and using different manipulations of regulatory focus, supported this idea. More attention was allocated to stimuli incompatible with the activated focus (promotion-negative stimuli, prevention-positive stimuli). The incompatible stimuli therefore interfered more with an ongoing task than compatible stimuli. These results are discussed in terms of processing efficiency and integrated with motor-compatibility effects. 相似文献