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81.
The number of items that can be held in human short-term memory (STM) is limited to 7 (± 2) elements. Lisman and Idiart's theoretical model of STM proposes that this value depends on the number of gamma cycles that can fit in one theta cycle. Previous studies on animals and humans provided support for this hypothesis but direct evidence from human EEG scalp recordings has not previously been reported. We recorded spontaneous EEG activity from 17 participants and measured their verbal STM capacity with a modified digit span task from the Wechsler battery. The strong and positive correlation we found between verbal STM capacity and theta/gamma cycle length ratio thus provides a direct argument in favor of this STM theoretical model. In this study we also demonstrated a new method for assessing individual theta and gamma frequencies by detecting functional coupling between these oscillations. 相似文献
82.
Tadeusz Kubiński 《Studia Logica》1961,12(1):83-95
Allatum est die 19 Septembris 1960 相似文献
83.
An increasing number of drugs removed from the market because of unacceptable toxicity raises concerns regarding preapproval
testing of drug safety. In the present paper it is postulated that the non-inferiority type of trial should be abandoned in
favor of the superiority trial with active controls and less stringent (p<0.1, both for efficacy and toxicity) statistics.
This approach will increase sensitivity of detection of drug-induced adverse effects at the expense of increasing false positive
results regarding the difference in efficacy between the tested and reference drug. Such a move will increase the protection
of future patients. In addition, the proposed design is far more acceptable from the clinical (e.g. no need to specify the
statistically expected “unimportant” number of deaths) and ethical points of view, as well as being favored by the strong
incentive of involved parties. In the second part of this paper arguments are presented in favor of the hypothesis that placebo
(still used in some superiority trials) does not induce adverse effects. The assertion that placebo may induce adverse effects
is probably biased by the nature of the clinical experiment. Such a conclusion is supported by studies indicating that placebo-induced
adverse effects are disease — and treatment — specific. The modification of clinical trials according to the proposed changes
may increase the trials’ sensitivity at detecting adverse effects of drugs.
A lecture on the subject of this paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The
Responsible Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
84.
The Lambek calculus introduced in Lambek [6] is a strengthening of the type reduction calculus of Ajdukiewicz [1]. We study
Associative Lambek Calculus L in Gentzen style axiomatization enriched with a finite set Γ of nonlogical axioms, denoted by
L(Γ).It is known that finite axiomatic extensions of Associative Lambek Calculus generate all recursively enumerable languages
(see Buszkowski [2]). Then we confine nonlogical axioms to sequents of the form p → q, where p and q are atomic types. For calculus L(Γ) we prove interpolation lemma (modifying the Roorda proof for L [10]) and the binary reduction
lemma (using the Pentus method [9] with modification from [3]). In consequence we obtain the weak equivalence of the Context-Free
Grammars and grammars based on L(Γ). 相似文献
85.
Joanna?Golińska-PilarekEmail author Taneli?Huuskonen 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2005,34(2):193-206
We show that there are continuum many different extensions of SCI (the basic theory of non-Fregean propositional logic) that lie below WF (the Fregean extension) and are closed under substitution. Moreover, continuum many of them are independent from WB (the Boolean extension), continuum many lie above WB and are independent from WH (the Boolean extension with only two values for the equality relation), and only countably many lie between WH and WF. 相似文献
86.
The fall of the Berlin Wall, which separated West Germans and East Germans for decades, led to emotional catastrophe among the reunited peoples. The authors conducted a psychological research program in Berlin to analyze individual and interpersonal processes in the reunification. They describe four categories used to pinpoint different (largely unconscious) levels of coping and defense strategies used to deal with the changes: control, splitting, symbiosis, and integration.Thomas Krauss, Dr. phil., is a family therapist and teaching supervisor. From 1985–1990 he worked as scientific employee at the Free University Berlin. Angelika Fass, Dr. phil., is a family therapist and teaching supervisor. From 1986–1991 she worked as scientific employee (research and lecturer) at the Technical University in Berlin. Reprint requests should be sent to the authors at Markt 2, D-29493 Schnackenburg, Germany.Translation by Ann Brandt. 相似文献
87.
Hemispheric dominance in schizophrenics as determined on extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics
B Peth? P Taríska K Pintér E Sommer 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1978,30(1):23-27
Phenomena observed during treatment with neuroleptics were clinically measured in an attempt to determine the difference in vulnerability of the two hemispheres and the relation between this difference and schizophrenic diseases. In the group of systematic schizophrenias the increase in tonus was significantly higher in the dominant hemisphere. This finding is considered a verification of the nosological hypothesis of schizophrenias. 相似文献
88.
Dana Unger Angelika Kornblum Gudela Grote Andreas Hirschi 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2023,96(1):144-164
The necessity to actively manage the work–home boundaries has drastically increased. We postulate that work–home integration may affect individuals' subjective career success via its positive effects on work goal attainment and exhaustion. Furthermore, we study perceived supervisor expectation for employee work–home integration as a boundary condition. Our three-wave online survey with 371 employees showed support for the two hypothesized moderated mediation effects. Work–home integration preference is indirectly related to subjective career success: (1) positively via home-to-work transitions and work goal attainment and (2) negatively via home-to-work transitions and exhaustion. Perceived supervisor expectation constrained work–home integration preference's direct effect on home-to-work transitions and indirect effects on subjective career success. Exploratory analysis revealed that exhaustion negatively affected all career success dimensions, whereas work goal attainment was only related to some. Our results indicate that supervisor expectation can override the effect of employee's work–home integration preference on home-to-work transitions which have a double-edged sword effect on subjective career success. Our study contributes to integrating the careers and work–life interface literature and incorporating contextual factors. Furthermore, with the exploration of differential effects on subjective career success, we advance our understanding of this outcome's nomological network. 相似文献
89.
Alice Reining-Festa Angelika Langheinrich Walter Klimscha Peter Lackner Helmut Rauschka Regina Katzenschlager 《Psychopraxis》2020,23(2):85-89
Die Anti-NMDA(N-Methyl-D-Aspartat)-Rezeptor-Enzephalitis ist eine seltene autoimmunologisch bedingte Erkrankung mit verschiedenen neuropsychiatrischen Symptomen, die durch den Nachweis von NMDA-Rezeptor-Antikörpern im Liquor diagnostiziert wird. Die gängigen Behandlungsprotokolle beinhalten ein Stufenschema der Immuntherapien; allerdings beruhen die therapeutischen Entscheidungen derzeit auf einem Grad-IV-Evidenzniveau. Wir berichten hier über zwei junge, unterschiedlich betroffene Patientinnen und beschreiben die Therapiestrategien inklusive der Kombination verschiedener Immuntherapien einschließlich Ocrelizumab und Überlegungen bezüglich Fertilitätserhalt. 相似文献
90.