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A total of 19 forensic patients with the diagnosis of a personality disorder participated in a schema-oriented psychotherapy (SOPT) over a period of approximately 2 years. Treatment was carried out in three groups which were separated according to diagnoses from clusters B and C of personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders text revision (DSM-IV-TR). The control group of 19 forensic patients received treatment as usual and were paralleled for relevant forensic variables. The SOPT was implemented to raise patient awareness for their maladapted schemas and to modify the associated dysfunctional coping strategies. On the basis of differentiated individual case concepts, therapeutic interventions were carried out at cognitive and behavioral levels. Furthermore, activating therapeutic methods were implemented during treatment sessions to actualize maladapted schemas on an emotional level and to enhance awareness. Treatment effects were assessed by standardized self-rating, staff rating and objective measures. The results showed more positive changes for the schema-oriented treatment groups in comparison to the control group. In contrast staff rating for patients in the control group showed a clear deterioration of the clinical features. 相似文献
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74.
Marie-Louise Käsermann Andreas Altorfer Klaus Foppa Stefan Jossen Heinrich Zimmermann 《Behavior research methods》2000,32(1):33-46
The drawbacks of traditional research into emotional processes have led us to develop a set of methodologies for investigating them in everyday face-to-face communication. The conceptual basis of these procedures is a model of the eliciting conditions of emotional processes as well as a conceptualization of the emotional processes themselves. On the basis of the assumption of conversation as a rule-governed process, one can describe its default temporal, formal, and functional features, for which we use the MAS EDIT and SEQ programs, and the minimal model of communicative exchange, respectively. Violations of these default rules can be identified as unexpected/temporally unpredictable events eliciting emotionalization. The nature of emotionalization is determined by the psychological principle of “standard and deviation.” Its investigation under natural conditions requires the following: A noninvasive method of data acquisition (including procedures for rejecting faulty or missing values), measurement (high-resolution recording of physiological, psychomotor, and vocal variables), and the (nonstatistical) construction of an inventory or “relevant effects” (contrastive and template analysis). Finally, we depict three routes of investigating time courses of activation changes as dependent and independent variables and as a target of modification and reflection. 相似文献
75.
Stefan Jossen Marie-louise Käsermann Andreas Altorfer Klaus Foppa Heinrich Zimmermann Hans-peter Hirsbrunner 《Behavior research methods》2000,32(1):47-55
Traditional methods of analyzing human peripheral blood flow (PBF) do not account for its continuous nature or small-scale
variation. Sequel transformation is presented as a new methodology for measuring these variations. This analysis generates
a richer record of aspects of activation of the autonomous nervous system than traditional interbeat-interval (IBI) measurement.
Presumably, in addition to heartbeat (i.e., IBI), other information can be extracted that is consistent with the influence
of several physiological and psychological factors. This kind of variation is reflected in the PBF signal. After determining
and extracting relevant events from vascular volume data generated by sequel transformation, we demonstrate the use of template
analysis to analyze patterns of events as time courses of activation. All procedures are included in the computer program
VASC Analyzer. 相似文献
76.
Henning Plessner Peter Freytag Klaus Fiedler 《European journal of social psychology》2000,30(6):837-851
Expectancy‐based illusory correlations have been observed in numerous experiments. Simulations using the connectionist computer model BIAS (Fiedler, 1996 ) show that such illusory correlations may not always reflect expectancy biases but influences of similarity via cue‐overlap. Cue‐overlap means that some of the probabilistic cues that indicate the presence of one variable are also indicative of another variable. In an experiment, participants learned two novel concepts pertaining to a fictitious painter and a fictitious artistic style in separate runs. Both concepts were defined by multiple probabilistic cues observable in paintings. For half the participants, the cue systems underlying the perception of the two concepts overlapped, whereas for the other half they did not. In addition, we manipulated whether or not participants expected a positive contingency between artist and artistic style. In the second part of the experiment, a series of paintings was presented that constituted an objective zero correlation between artist and artistic style. Participants' subsequent contingency judgments were assessed by direct and indirect measures. Data analyses revealed main effects for expectancy induction and cue‐overlap but no interaction on the direct measure and nearly identical results on the indirect measure. Thus, cue‐overlap and expectancy induction independently triggered the development of illusory correlations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
Pastoral Psychology - The celibacy of Roman Catholic priests, in contrast to a single lifestyle, implies an existential choice for spiritual reasons as a conscious motivation. Nevertheless, several... 相似文献
78.
Appraisal theories of emotion, and particularly the Component Process Model, claim that the different components of the emotion process (action tendencies, physiological reactions, expressions, and feeling experiences) are essentially driven by the results of cognitive appraisals and that the feeling component constitutes a central integration and representation of these processes. Given the complexity of the proposed architecture, comprehensive experimental tests of these predictions are difficult to perform and to date are lacking. Encouraged by the “lexical sedimentation” hypothesis, here we propose an indirect examination of the compatibility of the theoretical assumptions with the semantic structure of a set of major emotion words as measured in a cross-language and cross-cultural study. Specifically, we performed a secondary analysis of the large-scale data set with ratings of affective features covering all components of the emotion process for 24 emotion words in 27 countries, constituting profiles of emotion-specific appraisals, action tendencies, physiological reactions, expressions, and feeling experiences. The results of a series of hierarchical regression analyses to examine the prediction of the theoretical model are highly consistent with the claim that appraisal patterns determine the structure of the response components, which in turn predict central dimensions of the feeling component. 相似文献
79.
Given that consumption of sexually explicit material (SEM) and sexual behaviour are inextricably linked, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the frequency of SEM consumption predicts knowledge of sexual human anatomy, physiology, and typically practiced sexual behaviour. A secondary purpose was to investigate self-perceived effects of SEM consumption and whether participants report SEM as a positive or negative contributor to various aspects of life. Using a modified version of the Pornography Consumption Questionnaire and the Falsification Anatomy Questionnaire, we determined that contrary to expectations, frequency of SEM exposure did not contribute to inaccurate knowledge of sexual anatomy, physiology, and behaviour. Rather, the opposite relationship was found. However, in concert with previous literature, participants reported greater positive self-perceived effects of SEM consumption than negative effects. 相似文献
80.
Kai W. Müller Lisa Naab Klaus Wölfling Manfred E. Beutel Ulrike Dickenhorst Andreas Koch 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2017,18(4):1045-1059
According to the World Health Organization well-being has been defined as one outcome parameter indicating successful recovery from diseases. One disease causing significant psychosocial problems and distress is Gambling Disorder that is being characterized as a poorly controlled excessive engagement in gambling activities. While there are several studies investigating treatment-effects in patients with Gambling Disorder, the role of well-being as a complementary treatment outcome has not been studied so far. In our research project it was aimed to fill this gap by gathering data on changes of eudaimonic dimensions of well-being from 76 patients with Gambling Disorder before and 1 year after receiving inpatient treatment. At both waves (pretreatment and follow-up) we collected data regarding well-being (Ryff Scales of Well-being), psychopathological symptoms (SCL-9), and diagnostic criteria for Gambling Disorder (Lie/Bet-Questionnaire). We found some dimensions of well-being changing 1 year after treatment and that patients recovered from Gambling Disorder displayed significant increments in Autonomy and Environmental Mastery. In contrast, patients still meeting criteria for Gambling Disorder displayed well-being increments only in Environmental Mastery and decreases in Personal Growth and Positive Relations with Others. Only changes in Environmental Mastery and Self-Acceptance were significantly associated with decreases in psychosocial distress indicating that well-being is an additional indicator for treatment outcome. It was also intended to identify factors predicting increments in well-being. However, no relationships were found regarding demographics, clinical variables, or treatment parameters. It is proposed to acknowledge well-being as an additional indicator for treatment effects and suggested to implement therapeutic strategies for an early enhancement of well-being. 相似文献