Eine neue Theorie zum Geschwindigkeitstranspositionsphänomen

Zusammenfassung Zwei bestehende Theorien zur Geschwindigkeitstransposition werden diskutiert. Das sind die Theorie der Analogie von physikalischer und phänomenaler Geschwindigkeit sowie die Frequenzgleichstellungstheorie. Es wird gezeigt, daß beide Theorie die Geschwindigkeitstransposition nur unzureichend erklären. Eine neue Theorie wird vorgestellt, die auf dem Geschwindigkeitskonstanzphänomen aufbaut. Diese Theorie bietet eine Erklärung für bislang unver-ständliche Erscheinungen bei der Geschwindigkeitstransposition. Außerdem werden vier Experimente beschrieben, die eindeutig beweisen, daß die Geschwindigkeitstransposition nicht durch Frequenzgleichstellung entsteht. Demgegenüber stehen die Experimentalergebnisse nicht im Widerspruch zur Geschwindigkeitskonstanztheorie. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung dieser Theorie für ingenieurspsyehologische Fragestellungen im Bereich des See-, Land-, Luft- und Raumverkehrs sowie der Kinematographie diskutiert.

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A new theory about the velocity transposition phenomenon

Summary Two existing theories concerning the velocity transposition phenomenon are discussed: the theory of the analogy between physical and subjective velocity and the theory of frequency matching. It is shown that both theories are not able to explain the velocity transposition completely. A new theory is introduced which is based on constancy effects in the perception of velocity. This theory gives an explanation for those velocity transposition effects which have not been understood up to now. Moreover four experiments are described which clearly demonstrate that the velocity transposition phenomenon is not produced by frequency matching. On the other hand the experimental results are not contrary to the new theory of constancy. At last the importance of this theory for human engineering guidance in the field of sea, land, air and space traffic is discussed beside its value for the cinematographer.

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Diese Arbeit ist ein Teil aus der Zulassungsarbeit, die der Verfasser zur Diplomprüfung für Studierende der Psychologie am Psychologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt hat. Die Arbeit wurde durch Herrn Prof. Dr. phil. K. Pawlik genehmigt.     

Voice quality analysis of American and German speakers

Six phoneticians rated the voices of 26 American and 22 German speakers on nine voice quality parameters which were discussed and illustrated by tape-recorded examples before the rating sessions. A reliability analysis showed highly significant interrater agreement on most parameters. Intercorrelations of the expert ratings and correlations with lay ratings of voice are reported and discussed. In concluding, empirical voice-personality relationships are reported and the role of sociocultural and atributional factors in this area is discussed.     

Cognitive Procedural Learning in Amnesia

This group study examined the role of residual declarative memory and task-specific cognitive abilities for cognitive procedural learning in amnesia. 20 amnesic patients and 40 control subjects were studied, using four new cognitive tasks, as well as the Tower of Hanoi and a Mirror Reading task. On the cognitive tasks, but not on Mirror Reading, the learning of amnesic patients was significantly impaired relative to controls. Between- and within-group differences in learning were found to be statistically related to cognitive abilities that are involved in the processing of the procedural tasks. In amnesic patients, significant effects of residual declarative memory on learning scores were not observed, but there was indirect evidence for a role of memory in two tasks. The analysis of the correlative relationship between absolute procedural task performances and cognitive abilities indicated a prolonged dependence on nonspecific intellectual abilities in amnesic patients, suggesting a retarded transition to more advanced stages of skill acquisition.     

On P-compatible hybrid identities and hyperidentities

P-compatible identities are built up from terms with a special structure. We investigate a variety defined by a set ofP-compatible hybrid identities and answer the question whether a variety defined by a set ofP-compatible hyperidentities can be solid.Presented byJan Zygmunt;     

Need-adapted treatment of schizophrenic processes: The essential role of family-centered therapy meetings

Need-adapted treatment is a psychotherapeutically oriented approach to psychoses that has been planned and is implemented individually in each case, combining different activities so that they meet the needs of each patient as well as the people making up her or his personal interactional network (usually the family). A systemic initial intervention, carried out as a conjoint session of the patient, the family members, and a team of 3–4 staff members is an essential part of this approach. The name therapy meeting was given to these sessions because of their notable therapeutic significance. Therapy meetings are often continued during the later phases of treatment to follow up the course of treatment and to reassess the therapeutic plans.     

Book reviews

Dharmakirti's Theory of Hetu‐centricity of Anumāna. MANGALA R. CHINCHORE, 1989 Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass i‐xvii+195 pp., Rs. 125.00

A Hindu Perspective on the Philosophy of Religion. ARVIND SHARMA, 1990 London, Macmillan 180 + xi pp., £35.00

Rationality and Mind in Early Buddhism. FRANK J. HOFFMAN, 1987 Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass 126 + xii pp., Rs. 75.00

Allah Transcendent: studies in the structure and semiotics of Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Cosmology. IAN RICHARD NETTON, 1989 London, Routledge 383 pp., £45.00

Moses Maimonides. Arabic Thought and Culture Series OLIVER LEAMAN, 1990 London and New York, Routledge 190 + xii pp., £30.00 hb, £9.99 pb     

Medication use and the assessment of agoraphobic avoidance

Many anxiety disorder patients who present for behaviour therapy are already taking anxiolytic medications. The present study added a new subscale to the Mobility Inventory labelled ‘Without Medication’ to assess possible reliance on medication for coping with phobic situations. 121 Patients with panic-related disorders were administered the scale. The results supported the reliability and validity of the existing Mobility Inventory subscales in general and of the new subscale in particular. It appears to reliably assess a clinically important domain that is not measured in traditional self-report measures of phobic avoidance.     

The hyperactive child at adolescence: Cognitive,emotional, and social functioning

In view of the paucity of detailed followup studies on hyperactive children, the performance of 15 adolescents diagnosed hyperactive 5 years previously was compared to that of a control group of equivalent age, sex, intelligence, and social class. Eleven cognitive tests measuring sustained attention, visual-motor and motor skills, abstraction, and reading ability, as well as three self-assessment tests examining selfesteem, activity level, social functioning, academic status, and career aspirations were administered. The hyperactives performed significantly worse than the controls on the sustained attention, visualmotor, and motor tasks, and on two of the four reading tests. They also gave themselves significantly lower ratings on some of the selfesteem and sociability items. It would appear that the hyperactives at adolescence still have attentional and stimulus-processing difficulties, which affect not only their academic performance but also their social functioning.This study was supported by a Federal-Provincial Mental Health Grant to Dr. G. Weiss. The authors wish to thank Katherine Levine and Margaret Radigan for their assistance with test preparation and scoring. Thanks are also extended to Ken MacRae for his computer-processing advice, particularly his help with several multivariate and principal components analyses from which the present authors have derived their current theoretical position. Klaus Minde and Nancy Cohen are now at the Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, while Elizabeth Hoy is at the Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland.