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121.
Klaus G. Deissler Dipl.-Psych. 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1988,10(2):114-127
In my own attempt to answer the question whether we need the power metaphor to construct our interpersonal relations, I have come to the conclusion that it is not necessary. I advocate the standpoint that the power metaphor is an epistemological/operational instrument which, applied to interpersonal relations, leads to selffulfilling prophecies; the power metaphor realizes itself. Of course, it is necessary to recognize when, under what circumstances, and how we operate with respect to the power metaphor. This knowledge which, when achieved, allows us to correct ourselves and look for alternatives. However, I see it as an epistemological and operational error to deal with the power metaphor as if it were an objective given, independent of the observer, which we cannot avoid, of which we are victims, and to whose construction we do not contribute. It is important for therapists to realize that some clients construct their problems with respect to the power metaphor and act accordingly, explicitly or implicitly. To that extent, knowledge about this construction offers the therapist options which can help him in his therapeutic work to encourage the overpowering of this operational and epistemological instrument-the power metaphor.Originally appeared in a special issue ofZeitschrift fur systemische Therapie (1986),4, 258–268, guest-edited by the author. 相似文献
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123.
The use of electronic bandpass filtering for content-masking speech samples in studies on expressive aspects of vocal behavior is discussed. A simple electronic filtering system, which can be built easily and which can be adopted readily for a variety of applications, is described. 相似文献
124.
Klaus R. Scherer Stanley Feldstein Ronald N. Bond Robert Rosenthal 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1985,14(4):409-425
The study investigated the leakage potential of different voice and speech cues using a cue isolation and masking design. Speech samples taken from an earlier experiment were used in which 15 female students of nursing dissimulated negative affect produced by an unpleasant movie or told the truth about positive affect following a pleasant movie. Several groups of judges rated these speech samples in five conditions: (1) forward or clear, (2) electronic filtering, (3) random splicing, (4) backwards, (5) pitch inversion, (6) tone-silence sequences. The results show that vocal cues do indeed carry leakage information and that, as reflected in the differences among the conditions masking different types of cues respectively, voice quality cues may be centrally implicated. In addition, gender differences in decoding ability are discussed. 相似文献
125.
It is assumed that in a free-recall task the short-term store serves as a memory buffer between the long-term store and a final motor stage of word production. Because of this the retrieval process in long-term store is not hindered by the final motor stage of word production since continued output from the long-term store queues in the buffer for motoric processing. Otherwise a time consuming communication between the two processes would be necessary. A stochastic model of this conceptualization is provided to predict the temporal course of free recall as well as a paradigm in which the contribution of the short-term store in free recall can be studied. The experimental results from this paradigm were used to test the model and to estimate short-term storage capacity on the basis of the time course of free recall. The model predictions were in good agreement with the data and the capacity estimate coincides well with estimates found by totally different methods reported in the literature. 相似文献
126.
To identify and investigate coping mechanisms and other factors which may impact upon the psychosomatic symptoms of aging German Roman Catholic priests. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 499 aging German Roman Catholic priests with standardized questionnaires: Brief Symptom Inventory, Coping Inventory Stressful Situations, and Religious Coping Scale. Task-Oriented Coping exhibited a significant difference between the two groups. Multiple regression analyses indicated that psychosomatic symptoms could be best predicted by means of Task-Oriented Coping mechanisms, identification with priesthood, and by a low Negative Religious Coping. The success of adaptive coping processes for older clergy may depend on how they employ strategies, strengthen their spiritual dimensions, and manage important psychosocial aspects of aging. In our sample, Depression and Somatization are explained best by Emotion-Oriented Coping. It is desirable for aging priests to be aware of protective factors like Role Identification, Task-Oriented Coping, and low Negative Religious Coping, which may be helpful in improving their psychological well-being. 相似文献
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128.
Research on automatic attention to emotional faces offers mixed results. Therefore we examined validity effects for facial expressions of different emotions (compared to neutral faces) with a dot-probe paradigm in seven studies (total N?=?308). Systematic variations of type of emotion, CTI, task, cue size, and masking allow for a differentiated assessment of attentional capture by emotions and possible moderating factors. Results indicate a general absence of emotional validity effects as well as a lack of significant interactions with either of the manipulated factors, indicating that facial expressions of emotions do not capture attention in a fully automatic fashion. These findings suggest that situational and contextual factors have to be taken into account when investigating attentional capture of emotional faces. 相似文献
129.
Souza Alessandra S. Thalmann Mirko Oberauer Klaus 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2018,25(6):2281-2288
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Attention helps manage the information held in visual working memory (vWM). Perceptual attention selects the stimuli to be represented in vWM, whereas internal... 相似文献
130.
Hanna Wersebe Roselind Lieb Andrea H. Meyer Marcel Miche Thorsten Mikoteit Christian Imboden Jürgen Hoyer Klaus Bader Martin Hatzinger Andrew T. Gloster 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2018,18(3):201-208
Background/Objective: Lower levels in well-being have been observed in individuals with Major Depression (MDD) and Social Phobia (SP), but well-planned direct comparisons with control individuals, not suffering from a mental disorder, are lacking. Furthermore, MDD is highly comorbid with anxiety disorders, and SP with depressive disorders. This study is among the first to examine differences in well-being in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of MDD or SP compared to individuals with no such diagnosis and to test differences in well-being within the combined diagnostic categories respective with and without anxiety-depressive comorbidity. Method: Participants were 119 individuals with a diagnosis of MDD, 47 SP and 118 controls. Results: Results revealed that overall well-being as well as emotional, psychological, and social well-being were lower in the MDD and SP group compared to the control group. Individuals with comorbidity reported lower well-being than individuals without comorbidity. Conclusions: These findings have clinical implications as presence of comorbidity may require a different therapeutic approach than with no comorbidity. 相似文献