排序方式: 共有69条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Laura?J.?SummerfeldtEmail author Patricia?H.?Kloosterman Martin?M.?Antony Randi?E.?McCabe James?D.?A.?Parker 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):69-78
This study examined the associations between clinical anxiety, domains of emotional intelligence (EI), and three clinician-rated
indices of maladjustment. Of key interest was whether social phobia (SP) is unique among anxiety disorders in being characterized
by lower levels of Interpersonal and, particularly, Intrapersonal EI, and whether these differentially predict maladjustment.
Individuals with SP (n = 169) obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 65) and panic disorder (n = 64), and nonclinical controls (n = 169) completed the short form self-report Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i: S). All anxiety disorder groups showed lower
total EI than controls, and differed among themselves with the SP group displaying the lowest levels of total EI and lower
scores on two EQ-i:S subscales (Interpersonal and, more robustly, Intrapersonal). The Intrapersonal dimension alone predicted
all indices of greater maladjustment in the SP group. These findings indicate a negative relationship between anxiety disorders
and EI, and reaffirm the foremost link between Intrapersonal EI and SP and its functional outcomes. 相似文献
42.
43.
Three classes of polytomous IRT models are distinguished. These classes are the adjacent category models, the cumulative probability
models, and the continuation ratio models. So far, the latter class has received relatively little attention. The class of
continuation ratio models includes logistic models, such as the sequential model (Tutz, 1990), and nonlogistic models, such
as the acceleration model (Samejima, 1995) and the nonparametric sequential model (Hemker, 1996). Four measurement properties
are discussed. These are monotone likelihood ratio of the total score, stochastic ordering of the latent trait by the total
score, stochastic ordering of the total score by the latent trait, and invariant item ordering. These properties have been
investigated previously for the adjacent category models and the cumulative probability models, and for the continuation ratio
models this is done here. It is shown that stochastic ordering of the total score by the latent trait is implied by all continuation
ratio models, while monotone likelihood ratio of the total score and stochastic ordering on the latent trait by the total
score are not implied by any of the continuation ratio models. Only the sequential rating scale model implies the property
of invariant item ordering. Also, we present a Venn-diagram showing the relationships between all known polytomous IRT models
from all three classes. 相似文献
44.
Item responses that do not fit an item response theory (IRT) model may cause the latent trait value to be inaccurately estimated. In the past two decades several statistics have been proposed that can be used to identify nonfitting item score patterns. These statistics all yieldscalar values. Here, the use of the person response function (PRF) for identifying nonfitting item score patterns was investigated. The PRF is afunction and can be used for diagnostic purposes. First, the PRF is defined in a class of IRT models that imply an invariant item ordering. Second, a person-fit method proposed by Trabin & Weiss (1983) is reformulated in a nonparametric IRT context assuming invariant item ordering, and statistical theory proposed by Rosenbaum (1987a) is adapted to test locally whether a PRF is nonincreasing. Third, a simulation study was conducted to compare the use of the PRF with the person-fit statistic ZU3. It is concluded that the PRF can be used as a diagnostic tool in person-fit research.The authors are grateful to Coen A. Bernaards for preparing the figures used in this article, and to Wilco H.M. Emons for checking the calculations. 相似文献
45.
Klaas Kraay 《Philosophia》2007,35(3-4):293-300
One historically significant model of God holds that God is a perfect being. Analytic philosophers of religion have typically understood this to mean that God is essentially unsurpassable in power, knowledge, goodness, and wisdom. Recently, however, several philosophers have argued that this is inconsistent with another common theistic position: the view that for any world that God can create, there is a better world that God could have created instead. The argument runs (roughly) as follows: if, no matter which world God creates, there’s a better creatable one, then God’s action in creating a world is necessarily surpassable. And if God’s action in creating a world is necessarily surpassable, then God is necessarily surpassable. If this argument is sound, it reveals a serious flaw in an important model of God. In what follows, I set out this argument, and I then distinguish and evaluate four replies. This paper was delivered during the APA Pacific 2007 Mini-Conference on Models of God. 相似文献
46.
We discuss the limitations of hypothesis testing using (quasi-) experiments in the study of cognitive development and suggest latent variable modeling as a viable alternative to experimentation. Latent variable models allow testing a theory as a whole, incorporating individual differences with respect to developmental processes or abilities in the model. Experiments, in contrast, aim at testing hypotheses that refer to a specific part of a theory; also they ignore individual differences or model the individual differences using age group as a proxy for developmental stage. Drawing on a sample of 409 5–13-year olds, we demonstrate the advantages of latent variable models in the area of transitive reasoning. A comparison of three models showed that the latent variable model that represented fuzzy trace theory had a better fit than the models representing Piaget's theory or linear ordering theory. 相似文献
47.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) measures anxiety and depressive symptoms and is widely used in clinical and nonclinical populations. However, there is some debate about the number of dimensions represented by the HADS. In a sample of 534 Dutch cardiac patients, this study examined (a) the dimensionality of the HADS using Mokken scale analysis and factor analysis and (b) the scale properties of the HADS. Mokken scale analysis and factor analysis suggested that three dimensions adequately capture the structure of the HADS. Of the three corresponding scales, two scales of five items each were found to be structurally sound and reliable. These scales covered the two key attributes of anxiety and (anhedonic) depression. The findings suggest that the HADS may be reduced to a 10-item questionnaire comprising two 5-item scales measuring anxiety and depressive symptoms. 相似文献
48.
Rudy Ligtvoet L. Andries van der Ark Wicher P. Bergsma Klaas Sijtsma 《Psychometrika》2011,76(2):200-216
We propose three latent scales within the framework of nonparametric item response theory for polytomously scored items. Latent
scales are models that imply an invariant item ordering, meaning that the order of the items is the same for each measurement
value on the latent scale. This ordering property may be important in, for example, intelligence testing and person-fit analysis.
We derive observable properties of the three latent scales that can each be used to investigate in real data whether the particular
model adequately describes the data. We also propose a methodology for analyzing test data in an effort to find support for
a latent scale, and we use two real-data examples to illustrate the practical use of this methodology. 相似文献
49.
Klaas J. Kraay 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2006,59(1):49-68
Many theists hold that for any world x that God has the power to actualize, there is a better world, y, that God had the power to actualize instead of x. Recently, however, it has been suggested that this scenario is incompatible with traditional theism: roughly, it is claimed
that no being can be essentially unsurpassable on this view, since no matter what God does in actualizing a world, it is possible for God (or some other being) to do better, and hence it is possible for God (or some other being) to be better. In reply to an argument of this sort, Daniel and Frances Howard-Snyder offer the surprising claim that an essentially
unsurpassable being could – consistently with his goodness and rationality – select a world for actualization at random. In what follows, I respond to the most recent contributions to this discussion. I criticize William Rowe’s new reply to
the Howard-Snyders (but I endorse the spirit of one of his arguments), and I claim that Edward Wierenga’s new defence of the
Howard-Snyders fails. I conclude that the Howard-Snyders’ argument fails to show that an essentially unsurpassable being could
randomly choose a world for actualization. Accordingly, it fails to block an important argument for atheism. 相似文献
50.
Perception of speech and nonspeech stimuli by children with and without reading disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Breier JI Gray LC Fletcher JM Foorman B Klaas P 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2002,82(3):226-250
The auditory temporal deficit hypothesis predicts that children with reading disability (RD) will exhibit deficits in the perception of speech and nonspeech acoustic stimuli in discrimination and temporal ordering tasks when the interstimulus interval (ISI) is short. Initial studies testing this hypothesis did not account for the potential presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Temporal order judgment and discrimination tasks were administered to children with (1) RD/no-ADHD (n=38), (2) ADHD (n=29), (3) RD and ADHD (RD/ADHD; n=32), and (4) no impairment (NI; n=43). Contrary to predictions, children with RD showed no specific sensitivity to ISI and performed worse relative to children without RD on speech but not nonspeech tasks. Relationships between perceptual tasks and phonological processing measures were stronger and more consistent for speech than nonspeech stimuli. These results were independent of the presence of ADHD and suggest that children with RD have a deficit in phoneme perception that correlates with reading and phonological processing ability. (c) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). 相似文献