Comparison of Mothers' and Fathers' Opinions of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy

Opinions of parenting programs mostly have been obtained from mothers. Because mothers and fathers' interactions with children differ, gathering data from both parents regarding behavior modification and parenting programs is necessary. This project was part of a larger study and compared mothers and fathers' acceptability of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and its various components. Acceptability data were obtained using the Treatment Evaluation Inventory-Short Form and a modified version of this measure assessing specific PCIT components. The sample consisted of 40 community mother-father pairs of a young male child. Findings suggest gender differences in PCIT treatment acceptability and various PCIT components.     

语言理解中情绪的动态模拟

采用混合实验设计, 句子-图片匹配范式和动态过程再现范式, 以包含静态情绪和动态变化情绪信息的句子为实验材料, 以被试对图片的反应时间为因变量指标, 通过不同时间间隔的设置以及不同的实验程序, 探讨了语言理解中静态情绪和动态情绪的心理模拟及其时间进程。结果表明：(1)被试对情绪的心理模拟与句中的语言描述一致, 情绪语境能够激活被试的经验模拟。(2)被试在句子理解加工的初期就能迅速、即时地模拟静态情绪信息, 且这种模拟具有一定的稳定性和持久性。(3)被试可以对动态变化的情绪进行动态的心理模拟, 不过这种模拟所需的时间要长, 是在句子理解加工的后期完成的。被试对不同情绪变化方向的句子模拟受到原情绪状态的影响, 当阅读由消极情绪向积极情绪变化的句子时, 由于被试固着于原来的消极情绪而发生了模拟积极情绪的困难。     

Explaining the Relation between Religiousness and Reduced Suicidal Behavior: Social Support Rather Than Specific Beliefs

Religiousness has been associated with decreased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are not well characterized. The present study examined the roles of religious beliefs and social support in that relation. A survey measuring religiousness, social support, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts was administered to 454 undergraduate students. Involvement in public, but not private, religious practices was associated with lower levels of both suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempts. Social support mediated these relations but religious beliefs did not. Results highlight the importance of social support provided by religious communities.     

医院公共空间环境对病人心理的影响分析

医院公共空间设置应契合使用者对医院总体空间的使用需求,分析其心理、生理和行为特点,满足病人生理、心理和行为的需求。充分考虑病人对空间环境的响应度,对不同空间类型应提供多样支持,关注空间环境对病人的生理、心理和行为的影响,顺应医疗流程,防止和控制交叉感染。     

瓜蒌皮与前列地尔预处理对心肌缺血再灌注的影响

探讨瓜蒌皮和前列地尔预处理对心肌缺血再灌注的作用机制.通过建立SD大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的模型,采用Tunel法检测组织样本细胞凋亡和免疫组化法检测bax,bcl-2,caspase-3的蛋白表达情况进行研究.结果显示,瓜蒌皮和前列地尔半剂量联合组的凋亡细胞数、Bax和caspase-3的蛋白表达量较其他各实验组均明显降低,Bcl-2的表达量升高,且有统计学意义(P＜0.05);瓜蒌皮单用药组也表现为凋亡细胞数、Bax和caspase-3的表达量降低,Bcl-2的表达量升高,但程度不如两组联合用药组.实验可以证明细胞凋亡发生在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中,瓜蒌皮可对心肌缺血/再灌注起保护作用,并且与前列地尔联合后更有利于对心肌细胞的保护作用.     

环境基因组计划(EGP)对预防医学发展的影响

1998年美国正式启动环境基因组计划,该计划旨在探讨环境－基因的交互作用,寻找对环境因素损伤的易感基因及环境反应基因的多态性在疾病病因和发病过程中的作用,因而该计划的实施将对预防医学的发展产生重要的影响。     

A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Rumination and Suicidality

Rumination has been persistently implicated in the etiology of hopelessness and depression, which are proximal predictors of suicidality. As a result, researchers have started to examine the role of rumination in suicidality. This systematic review provides a concise synopsis of the current progress in examining the relationship between rumination and suicidality, and highlights areas for future research. A search of the international literature was conducted using the three main psychological and medical databases. Eleven studies were identified providing evidence, with one exception, of a relationship between rumination and suicidality. This review also highlights the considerable dearth of studies on this area of concern, specifically of case‐control and prospective, clinical studies, in the worldwide literature.