全文获取类型
收费全文 | 644篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
674篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 70篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 32篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 23篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有674条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
141.
When feedback follows a sequence of decisions, relationships between actions and outcomes can be difficult to learn. We used
event-related potentials (ERPs) to understand how people overcome this temporal credit assignment problem. Participants performed
a sequential decision task that required two decisions on each trial. The first decision led to an intermediate state that
was predictive of the trial outcome, and the second decision was followed by positive or negative trial feedback. The feedback-related
negativity (fERN), a component thought to reflect reward prediction error, followed negative feedback and negative intermediate
states. This suggests that participants evaluated intermediate states in terms of expected future reward, and that these evaluations
supported learning of earlier actions within sequences. We examine the predictions of several temporal-difference models to
determine whether the behavioral and ERP results reflected a reinforcement-learning process. 相似文献
142.
Rolison JJ Evans JS Walsh CR Dennis I 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(8):1494-1514
Multiple-cue probability learning (MCPL) involves learning to predict a criterion when outcome feedback is provided for multiple cues. A great deal of research suggests that working memory capacity (WMC) is involved in a wide range of tasks that draw on higher level cognitive processes. In three experiments, we examined the role of WMC in MCPL by introducing measures of working memory capacity, as well as other task manipulations. While individual differences in WMC positively predicted performance in some kinds of multiple-cue tasks, performance on other tasks was entirely unrelated to these differences. Performance on tasks that contained negative cues was correlated with working memory capacity, as well as measures of explicit knowledge obtained in the learning process. When the relevant cues predicted positively, however, WMC became irrelevant. The results are discussed in terms of controlled and automatic processes in learning and judgement. 相似文献
143.
Kirsten Birkett 《Zygon》2006,41(2):249-266
Abstract. Consciousness studies are dogged with religious overtones, and many researchers fight hard against Christian ideas of soul or anything supernatural. This gives many studies on consciousness a particular relevance to religious belief. Many writers assume that, if consciousness can be explained physically, religious belief in a soul—and perhaps religious belief itself—must be false. Theorists of consciousness grapple with questions of materialism and reduction in trying to understand how the physical brain can produce the bizarre sensations that we call ourselves. In this essay I discuss the problems in trying to separate religion from science in such a “fuzzy” area as consciousness. I look at the question of what precisely theories of consciousness are trying to explain. I consider theories from David Chalmers, Daniel Dennett, and Roger Penrose as examples of different approaches. Although all of these are materialistically based, I argue that they do not necessarily demonstrate the nonexistence of a soul and also that religious belief does not necessarily require belief in a nonmaterial soul. I conclude with a discussion of why a physical/ materialist explanation of consciousness is desired and how religious bias is still a problem in this scientific/philosophical field. 相似文献
144.
Nerina L. Jimmieson Michelle K. Tucker Alexandra J. Walsh 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2017,30(3):317-332
Background and Objectives: Simultaneous exposure to time, cognitive, and emotional demands is a feature of the work environment for healthcare workers, yet effects of these common stressors in combination are not well established. Design: Survey data were collected from 125 hospital employees (Sample 1, Study 1), 93 ambulance service employees (Sample 2, Study 1), and 380 aged care/disability workers (Study 2). Methods: Hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted. Results: In Sample 1, high cognitive demand exacerbated high emotional demand on psychological strain and job burnout, whereas the negative effect of high emotional demand was not present at low cognitive demand. In Sample 2, a similar pattern between emotional demand and time demand on stress-remedial intentions was observed. In Study 2, emotional demand?×?time demand and time demand?×?cognitive demand interactions again revealed that high levels of two demands were stress-exacerbating and low levels of one demand neutralized the other. A three-way interaction on job satisfaction showed the negative impact of emotional demand was exacerbated when both time and cognitive demands were high, creating a “triple disadvantage” of job demands. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that reducing some job demands helps attenuate the stressful effects of other job demands on different employee outcomes. 相似文献
145.
In-depth interviews were conducted to examine gender-related patterns of adaptation and maladaptation, and the relationship between adaptation and relationships (parents, friends, and romantic partners) for 34 emerging adult immigrants from the Former Soviet Union in Israel. Qualitative analysis highlighted gender-related needs, difficulties, and challenges following the immigration experience. Women’s adaptation was connected to mutually supportive and empathic relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Maladaption for women was connected to overly close, nonmutual, and enmeshed relationships with parents, which led to feelings of guilt or to distant relationships that lacked support and intimacy. Adaptation for men was connected to inner strengths that enabled achievement and success in acculturative tasks, which led to feelings of mastery, competence, and self-definition combined with respect and valuing the relationship they have with their family. In contrast, maladaption among men was not connected to relationships but to a lack of inner strengths needed to succeed in developmental and immigration-related tasks. Despite the gender-related distinction found among less adaptive individuals, adaptive young immigrants, women and men alike, were more characterized by an ability to balance between needs of self and needs of others in their family relationships. As such, narratives of adaptive emerging adult immigrants emphasized gender similarities, whereas those of less adaptive immigrants emphasized gender differences. 相似文献
146.
In an experiment, prior to processing instructional explanations N = 75 students received either (a) contrasting cases plus comparison prompts, (b) contrasting cases plus provided comparisons (i.e., model answers to the comparison prompts), or (c) no preparation intervention. We found that the learners with preparation intervention learned more and with a higher degree of efficiency, perceived less extraneous load, and experienced a higher feeling of smooth automatic running while they processed the explanations than the learners without a preparation intervention. These findings suggest that comparing contrasting cases serves a focusing function. Furthermore, we found that the learners in the provided comparisons condition acquired more conceptual knowledge from the explanations than the learners in the prompted comparisons condition. This result indicates that providing high amounts of instructional guidance while learners compare contrasting cases can have an added value in comparison to providing comparison prompts concerning the resulting preparation for future learning. 相似文献
147.
148.
Dr. Georg Stolpmann Dipl. Psych. Peter Fromberger Dr. Kirsten Jordan Dr. Johannes Schwerdtner Prof. Dr. Jürgen L. Müller 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2010,4(3):160-165
Delinquency of depressed patients numerically plays a minor role in criminal or civil law. Compared with the high prevalence of affective disorders in the general population, the frequency of patients in forensic psychiatric hospitals with the respective disorder as a main diagnosis is low. The spectrum of possible crimes committed by depressed subjects essentially comprises disease-characteristic offences, amongst which cases of extended suicide or attempted suicide are the foremost and most tragic offences. Based on 2 case reports notions of extended suicide as well as questions of forensic assessment are discussed. 相似文献
149.
Francis Michael Walsh 《Heythrop Journal》2010,51(2):330-331
The call of the Second Vatican Council for the renewal of moral theology has received very divergent responses. This article identifies and compares three such proposals. The underlying presupposition for this analysis is that each proposal begins with a divergent understanding of where the tradition went awry. Hence, the proposed cures ended up irreconcilable. This article seeks to describe ‘as precisely as possible the nature of the confusion and its sources, showing where attention must be directed if a solution is to be discovered.’ 1 1 The anonymous referee of the Heythrop Journal.
相似文献
相似文献
150.