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971.
972.
Jennifer L. Bruzek Ph.D. Rachel H. Thompson Lindsay C. Peters 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2009,92(3):327-343
Two experiments were conducted to identify the conditions likely to produce resurgence among adult human participants. The preparation was a simulated caregiving context, wherein a recorded infant cry sounded and was terminated contingent upon targeted caregiving responses. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrated resurgence with human participants in this negative reinforcement preparation. Results of Experiment 2 showed that responses with a longer history of reinforcement showed a stronger resurgence effect relative to responses with a shorter and more recent history of reinforcement. These results show that the resurgence phenomenon occurs across populations and types of reinforcers. Additionally, results indicate that length of reinforcement history is a variable that may affect the magnitude of resurgence. 相似文献
973.
Trevor Thompson Tony Steffert John Gruzelier 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(7):789-794
It is widely believed that personality has an important role in determining the effectiveness of guided imagery (GI) interventions. The primary aim of the current study was to examine whether the effect of GI on several outcome measures was dependent upon openness to experience, a theoretically relevant variable previously unexplored as a potential moderator. Thirty-five healthy participants were randomised to an animated imagery, verbal imagery or no-intervention control group, with imagery groups receiving 10 × 20 min sessions. Pre/post-assessments of cortisol, sleep, stress and creativity were administered along with the openness to experience scale. Regression analysis indicated a significant increase in cortisol and decrease in tiredness following verbal GI, but only for those high in openness. The efficacy of GI interventions may be dependent upon openness to experience and this variable should be accounted for in future studies. 相似文献
974.
Thompson E. DavisIII Robert E. Nida Kimberly R. Zlomke Marie S. Nebel-Schwalm 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):228-234
Little research has examined health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with learning disabilities in post-secondary
settings and the potential relationship between a learning disability and anxiety or sadness. This study examined HRQoL in
68 undergraduate students: 34 students who reported having been diagnosed with a “learning disability” were compared to 34
students who indicated they had not been diagnosed with a learning disability. Participants completed an online survey of
anxiety, sadness, and HRQoL, including the SF-36. ANCOVAs on the Emotional Well-Being and Role Limitations Due to Emotional
Problems scales from the SF-36 revealed that students reporting a diagnosis of a learning disability were significantly more
impaired in Emotional Well-Being. Regression analyses suggested that impairment in Emotional Well-Being was mediated by separate
ratings of both anxiety and sadness. Results indicated that those undergraduates reporting learning disabilities suffered
from an impaired sense of well-being associated with anxious and sad feelings.
A portion of these data were presented at the 2005 annual meetings of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
(ABCT). 相似文献
975.
Sussner KM Thompson HS Valdimarsdottir HB Redd WH Jandorf L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(1):60-71
Recent research underscores the need for increasing use of genetic testing for cancer risk in Latinos. This study examined
the influence of acculturation on attitudes, beliefs about and familiarity with genetic testing for cancer risk in a community-based
sample of Latinas in East Harlem, New York City (N = 103). Multivariate linear regression models analyzed the relationship of acculturation to: (1) familiarity (2) perceived
benefits (3) perceived barriers and (4) concerns about abuses of genetic testing for cancer risk. Controlling for sociodemographic
factors, results revealed that with increasing acculturation Latinas were more familiar with genetic testing (β = 1.62, SE = 0.72, p = 0.03), more likely to cite perceived benefits (β = 1.67, SE = 0.79, p = 0.04), and less likely to report perceived barriers related to genetic testing (β = −2.76, SE = 1.64, p = 0.10). Study results may help inform the development of culturally-appropriate health education outreach materials and
programs targeted to increase awareness, knowledge and understanding about genetic testing for cancer risk within Latinas. 相似文献
976.
Rachel Lucas‐Thompson Wendy A. Goldberg Gary R. Germo Meret A. Keller Elysia P. Davis Curt A. Sandman 《Infant and child development》2009,18(6):521-544
The objective of this short‐term longitudinal study was to examine the concurrent and prospective associations of infants' sleep arrangements and night waking with cortisol responses to an inoculation at 6 and 12 months, controlling for several key covariates. To our knowledge, this was the first study to concurrently and prospectively link proximity in sleep arrangements and night waking to physiological stress reactivity. A sample of 92 mother–infant dyads participated in the study when the infants were 6 and 12 months of age, although sample sizes were reduced for some analyses. Both proximal cosleeping arrangements and more frequent night wakings' were associated concurrently with an increased cortisol response to inoculations at both ages. Night waking at 6 months also was associated with a slightly increased cortisol response to inoculation at 12 months. Results aimed at exploring the direction of influence suggested that cosleeping and night waking may influence infant stress physiology rather than the reverse. Adaptive and maladaptive implications of infants' nocturnal experiences and greater stress‐induced cortisol responses are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
977.
The present study tested a sociocultural model of women's sexual satisfaction grounded in Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). One hundred and one college women attending university in the UK completed measures of media internalization, body surveillance, body shame, sexual self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Consistent with predictions, the results of a path analysis indicated that greater internalization of appearance ideals from media sources leads to more body surveillance, which leads to higher body shame and lower sexual self-esteem, which, in turn, predicts less sexual satisfaction (only reached marginal significance for sexual self-esteem). In addition, body surveillance and body shame directly predicted sexual satisfaction. These results further implicate the sociocultural practices that objectify women in the disruption of women's experiences of sexual satisfaction. 相似文献
978.
979.
Evangelia-Chrysanthi Kouklari Trevor Thompson Claire P. Monks Stella Tsermentseli 《Journal of cognition and development》2017,18(4):399-418
Previous research has clearly demonstrated that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves deficits in multiple neuropsychological functions, such as executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM). A conceptual distinction is commonly made between cool and hot EF. In ASD, continued attention has been paid to the cool areas of executive dysfunction. Cool EF has been strongly related to ToM, but research has not taken into account the association between hot EF and ToM in ASD. The present study investigated the associations between hot and cool EF and ToM in 56 school-aged children with ASD and 69 controls on tasks tapping cool EF (i.e., working memory, inhibition, planning), hot EF (i.e., affective decision making, delay discounting), and ToM (i.e., mental state/emotion recognition and false belief). Significant group differences in each EF measure support an executive dysfunction in both domains in ASD. Strong associations between delay discounting and ToM mental state/emotion recognition were found, suggesting that hot EF makes a unique contribution to ToM above and beyond cool EF in typical development and ASD. This study improves understanding of the profile of higher-order cognitive deficits in children with ASD, which may inform diagnosis and intervention. 相似文献
980.
Jason T. Duffy Michelle N. Saltis Laura K. Thompson Steven J. Kassirer 《Journal of Creativity in Mental Health》2017,12(3):320-334
The authors explored the lived experiences of two cohorts of counselors-in-training who experienced a metaphoric story creation activity in pre-practicum II, a clinical training course. Using Merriam’s interpretive qualitative approach, the data suggested that students perceived the activity to have facilitated their ability to make meaning of their experiences in the class, as well as to better understand their development as counselors-in-training. 相似文献