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排序方式: 共有294条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Kirk J. Schneider 《Humanistic Psychologist》2013,41(1):68-81
Abstract Mounting research suggests that the way we deal with psychophysiological paradoxes or opposites (such as separation vs. attachment, firmness vs. supportiveness, formality vs. informality, masculinity vs. femininity, assertiveness vs. submissive‐ness, or in short, constriction and “drawing back” vs. expansion and “bursting forth") has key implications for our health. Although convincing theoretical treatises have addressed this topic, there has yet to be a concerted review of the pertinent literature. This article is intended to provide such a review. 相似文献
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Increasing on‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism using momentary differential reinforcement 下载免费PDF全文
Joshua Jessel Einar T. Ingvarsson Ruth Whipple Hillary Kirk 《Behavioral Interventions》2017,32(3):248-254
Compliance is often defined as the completion of a discrete task specified by a preceding instruction. However, compliance could also require the completion of a cluster of tasks, such as cleaning a room, getting ready for bed, or doing homework. We conducted this study to determine if a momentary differential reinforcement schedule would increase the on‐task behavior of an adolescent with autism. The momentary differential reinforcement involved repeated momentary supervision checks, with tokens delivered for appropriate task engagement at that moment. The participant completed math worksheets and remained on task as the number of supervisions was faded from one every 30 s to one every 5 min. 相似文献
95.
Previous studies have found that differences in brain volume among older adults predict performance in laboratory tasks of executive control, memory, and motor learning. In the present study we asked whether regional differences in brain volume as assessed by the application of a voxel-based morphometry technique on high resolution MRI would also be useful in predicting the acquisition of skill in complex tasks, such as strategy-based video games. Twenty older adults were trained for over 20 h to play Rise of Nations, a complex real-time strategy game. These adults showed substantial improvements over the training period in game performance. MRI scans obtained prior to training revealed that the volume of a number of brain regions, which have been previously associated with subsets of the trained skills, predicted a substantial amount of variance in learning on the complex game. Thus, regional differences in brain volume can predict learning in complex tasks that entail the use of a variety of perceptual, cognitive and motor processes. 相似文献
96.
The current study was designed to examine the possible existence of two limited-capacity pools of central executive resources: one each for verbal and visuospatial processing. Ninety-one college students (M age = 19.0, SD = 2.2) were administered a verbal working memory task that involved updating numbers in 2-, 3-, and 4-load conditions. The task was administered in both single task (no-interference condition) and dual-task (verbal interference and visuospatial interference conditions) formats. Findings indicated main effects for both memory load and type of interference, as well as, a load × interference interaction. Verbal interference led to a steeper increase in errors on the primary verbal working memory task; whereas, there was a smaller increase in errors across load in both the non-verbal and no-interference conditions. The effect of verbal interference and the lack of a spatial interference effect on a primary task that utilized verbal working memory resources, suggests that the processing of verbal and spatial stimuli in a dual-task paradigm requires separate central executive resources. 相似文献
97.
It has been proposed that performance in the think – no think (TNT) task represents a laboratory analogue of the voluntary form of memory repression. The central prediction of this repression hypothesis is that performance in the TNT task will be influenced by emotional characteristics of the material to be remembered. This prediction was tested in two experiments by asking participants to learn paired associates in which the first item was either emotionally positive (e.g. joy) or emotionally negative (e.g. hatred). The second word was always emotionally neutral (e.g. socks). Consistent with the repression hypothesis, significant memory suppression was observed in both experiments following ‘no think’ instructions for memories associated with emotionally negative material. No suppression was observed for memories associated with emotionally positive information. Implications of these findings for the relationship between performance in the TNT task and the controversial notion of memory repression are considered. 相似文献
98.
The aim of this article is to provide counselors, academic advisers, and career coaches with a basic understanding of entrepreneurial careers. After presenting a brief history of entrepreneurship, the authors discuss various psychological, social, and economic factors associated with selecting, preparing for, and remaining successful in an entrepreneurial career. They also discuss various ways counselors can help aspiring entrepreneurs achieve their goals. An extensive annotated bibliography of online entrepreneurship resources is included. 相似文献
99.
Jason W. Krompinger Nathaniel P. Van Kirk Lauryn E. Garner Sriramya I. Potluri Jason A. Elias 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2019,26(1):143-153
An inhibitory learning conceptualization of treatment mechanisms in exposure-based therapy appears to better account for durability of symptom reduction and index overall learning. Presented here is an overview of two core elements of inhibitory learning, expectancy violation and occasional reinforced extinction, as they are thought to function in exposure and response prevention (ERP) for OCD. The overview is then followed by case examples illustrating these processes at work in a naturalistic clinical setting. Implications for treatment are broadly discussed. 相似文献
100.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Ruminative Brooding in Current Dysphoria,Anxiety, Worry,and Anger
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(3):168-193
The current study examined links between dimensions of perfectionism, ruminative and distractive coping, and multiple measures
of current distress (dysphoria, anxiety, worry, and anger) in 205 university students. A main goal was to test the hypothesis
that perfectionism is related to a new measure of the critical maladaptive component of rumination (i.e., ruminative brooding)
that is not confounded with symptoms and confirm that both constructs function as non-specific vulnerabilities for emotional
distress. Our study revealed numerous significant findings, including: (1) socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was the
dimension most strongly related to brooding in response to depression and anxiety; (2) SPP, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP),
and brooding predicted various indices of distress; (3) SOP predicted anxiety and worry in women, and it predicted dysphoria
and anger in men; (4) despite the strong associations between ruminative brooding and distress, perfectionism still accounted
for unique variance in distress, and vice-versa. Implications for the issue of the adaptiveness versus maladaptiveness of
perfectionism and for counseling perfectionists who fall into the “brooding trap” are discussed.
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Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |