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221.
The effect of visual search efficiency on response preparation: neurophysiological evidence for discrete flow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most models assume that response time (RT) comprises the time required for successive processing stages, but they disagree about whether information is transmitted continuously or discretely between stages. We tested these alternative hypotheses by measuring when movement-related activity began in the frontal eye field (FEF) of macaque monkeys performing visual search. Previous work showed that RT was longer when visual neurons in FEF took longer to select the target, a finding consistent with prolonged perceptual processing during less efficient search. We now report that the buildup of saccadic movement-related activity in FEF is delayed in inefficient visual search. Variability in the delay of movement-related activity accounted for the difference in RT between search conditions and for the variability of RT within conditions. These findings provide neurophysiological support for the hypothesis that information is transmitted discretely between perceptual and response stages of processing during visual search. 相似文献
222.
Kirk R. Blankstein David M. Dunkley January Wilson 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(1):29-61
We examined the mediational role of self-esteem in the relation between evaluative concerns (EC) and personal standards (PS)
perfectionism, and measures of personal concerns, academic concerns, and estimated grade point average (EGPA) in 386 university
students. Self-esteem partially mediated the relation between EC perfectionism and students’ personal and academic concerns.
EC perfectionism was a weak predictor of EGPA. PS perfectionism was not related to academic concerns. Although PS was associated
with personal concerns both directly and indirectly through low levels of self-esteem in women only, these findings did not
hold when controlling for EC perfectionism. PS perfectionism had a direct positive relation with EGPA. Neither PS nor EC perfectionism
interacted with self-esteem to predict unique variance in personal or academic concerns or EGPA. The results are consistent
with our view that a perfectionism dimension that is primarily maladaptive can be distinguished from a dimension that can
be adaptive. The implications for research and treatment are considered.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
223.
The UK government announced the establishment of an NHS National Genetics Education and Development Centre in its Genetics
White Paper. The Centre aims to lead and coordinate developments to enhance genetics literacy of health professionals. The
nursing program takes a strategic approach based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, using the UK nursing genetics competences
as the platform for development. The program team uses innovative approaches to raise awareness of the relevance of genetics,
working collaboratively with policy stakeholders, as key agents of change in promoting competence. Providing practical help
in preparing learning and teaching resources lends further encouragement. Evaluation of the program is dependent on gathering
baseline data, and the program has been informed by an education needs analysis. The challenges faced are substantial and
necessitate international collaboration where expertise and resources can be shared to produce a global system of influence
to facilitate the engagement of non-genetic nurses. 相似文献
224.
Perfectionism,Hopelessness, And Suicide Ideation: Revisions to Diathesis-Stress and Specific Vulnerability Models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kirk R. Blankstein Crystal Hillis Lumley Alison Crawford 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2007,25(4):279-319
The current study examined variables (daily hassles, self-esteem, dispositional optimism, coping modes, and perceived social
support) that could potentially moderate associations between dimensions of perfectionism and current feelings of hopelessness
and suicide ideation in university students (144 women; 61 men). Our study revealed several significant findings: (1) socially
prescribed perfectionism was a significant predictor of suicide ideation, interpersonal hopelessness, and achievement hopelessness
for both women and men; (2) self-oriented perfectionism did not have an independent relation with any of the suicide risk
outcome variables in either women or men; (3) other-oriented perfectionism was associated negatively with both current hopelessness,
particularly interpersonal hopelessness, and suicide ideation in men; (4) the cluster of proposed moderators accounted for
additional unique variance in all suicide risk variables in women but in achievement hopelessness only in men; (5) optimism
and social hassles were unique predictors but the results varied as a function of gender and outcome; (6) each perfectionism
component interacted with specific moderators to enhance or buffer the link between perfectionism and suicide risk. The findings
indicate that self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism are possibly adaptive or maladaptive under certain conditions.
Implications for the development of comprehensive, multidimensional, integrated models of the perfectionism–suicide risk link
and for prevention and treatment in perfectionists at risk of suicide are discussed.
相似文献
Kirk R. BlanksteinEmail: |
225.
226.
Language anomalies and left-hemisphere dysfunction are commonly reported in schizophrenia. Additional evidence also suggests differences in the integration of information between the hemispheres. Bilateral gain is the increase in accuracy and decrease in latency that occurs when identical information is presented simultaneously to both hemispheres. This study measured bilateral gain in controls (n=20) and individuals with schizophrenia (n=10) using a lexical-decision task where word or non-word judgements were made to letter strings presented in the left visual field (LVF), right visual field (RVF) or bilaterally (BVF). Language was not abnormally lateralized in the schizophrenia group. Controls exhibited the expected decrease in latency when words were presented bilaterally. This effect was not observed in the schizophrenia group who were actually disadvantaged in this condition. The lack of bilateral gain in schizophrenia is discussed as arising from differences in the connections between areas in each hemisphere that mediate language. 相似文献
227.
The repercussions of unconscious priming on the neural correlates subsequent cognition have been explored previously. However, the neural dynamics during the unconscious processing remains largely uncharted. To assess both the complexity and temporal dynamics of unconscious cognition the present study contrasts the evoked response from classes of masked stimuli with three different levels of complexity; words, consonant strings, and blanks. The evoked response to masked word stimuli differed from both consonant strings and blanks, which did not differ from each other. This response was qualitatively different to any evoked potential observed when stimuli were consciously visible and peaked at 140ms, earlier than is usually associated with differences between words and strings and 100ms earlier than word-consonant string differences in the visible condition. The evoked response demonstrates a qualitatively distinct signature of unconscious cognition and directly demonstrates the extraction of abstract information under subliminal conditions. 相似文献
228.
229.
Reid-Arndt SA Stucky K Cheak-Zamora N DeLeon PH Frank RG 《Rehabilitation psychology》2010,55(4):321-330
PURPOSE: Changes in the health care environment have brought challenges and opportunities to the field of psychology. Practitioners have been successful in modifying service models to absorb losses of financial support for behavioral health care, due to managed care and public policy changes, while simultaneously managing the growing need for these services. However, in this reactive mode of responding to evolutions in the health care system, the field of psychology has at times lost sight of the long-term vision required to promote psychology's inclusion in the health care system of the future. In particular, a focus on training psychologists and ensuring the availability of funding to support these activities must be a priority in planning for the future. This article provides an overview of federal programs that currently offer funding for psychology training, as well as other opportunities for federal funding that have been unrealized. Details regarding advocacy efforts that were required to secure available sources of funding are given, followed by consideration of strategies for taking advantage of existing resources and prioritizing advocacy for additional funding. CONCLUSION: Funding for psychology training provides an avenue for increasing the number of well-trained psychologists who can serve patients' mental and behavioral health needs and thereby improve health outcomes. Moreover, capitalizing on available funding opportunities for psychology training and promoting efforts to expand these opportunities will help ensure that the field of psychology is positioned to remain an important contributor to the health care system of the future. 相似文献
230.