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161.
Robert Kirk 《亚里斯多德学会增刊》1999,73(1):1-16
Philosophical zombies are exactly as physicalists suppose we are, right down to the tiniest details, but they have no conscious experiences. (It is presupposed that all explicable physical events are explicable physically.) Are such things even logically possible? My aim is to contribute to showing not only that the answer is 'No', but why. (I concede that systems superficially like human beings might exist and lack consciousness.)
My strategy has two prongs: a fairly brisk argument which demolishes the zombie idea; followed by an attempt to throw light on how something can qualify as a conscious perceiver. The argument to show that zombies are impossible exploits the point that in order to be able to detect our own 'qualia' we should have to be somehow sensitive to them; which the zombie idea rules out. The attempt to make clear why my zombie twin must be conscious exploits the idea that we have a reasonably clear grasp of a 'Basic Package' of psychological concepts. 相似文献
My strategy has two prongs: a fairly brisk argument which demolishes the zombie idea; followed by an attempt to throw light on how something can qualify as a conscious perceiver. The argument to show that zombies are impossible exploits the point that in order to be able to detect our own 'qualia' we should have to be somehow sensitive to them; which the zombie idea rules out. The attempt to make clear why my zombie twin must be conscious exploits the idea that we have a reasonably clear grasp of a 'Basic Package' of psychological concepts. 相似文献
162.
The authors divided 275 elderly volunteers into 2 groups (affiliated and non‐affiliated participants) and examined demographic, emotional, and practical issues that affect elderly people. There were significant differences between the groups on issues of loneliness, nutrition, and overall quality of life. 相似文献
163.
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165.
Karen M. Arnell Kirk A. Stokes Mary H. MacLean Carleen Gicante 《Psychological research》2010,74(1):1-11
When two masked, to-be-attended targets are presented within approximately half a second of each other, performance on the
second target (T2) suffers, relative to when the targets are presented further apart in time or when the first target (T1)
can be ignored. This phenomenon is known as the attentional blink (AB). Colzato et al. (Psychon Bull Rev 14:1051–1057, 2007) used an individual differences approach to examine whether individual AB magnitude was predicted by individual differences
in working memory (WM), using the operation span paradigm (OSPAN). They found that OSPAN score was inversely related to AB
magnitude even when a fluid intelligence measure (Raven’s SPM) was partialled out. However, it is not clear from this study
whether it was the executive control aspect of working memory, the capacity aspect of short-term memory, (or both), that related
to AB magnitude. In the present study we used a variety of WM measures that required varying degrees of executive control.
OSPAN was negatively related to AB magnitude with Raven’s SPM, reading comprehension, reading rate, and digit forward and
backward partialled out. Backward and forward digit span did not predict AB magnitude. These results support the conclusion
that a “working” executive component of WM predicts temporal limitations of selective attention beyond static STM capacity
and general cognitive ability. 相似文献
166.
Elvira M. Zilliacus Bettina Meiser Elizabeth A. Lobb Judy Kirk Linda Warwick Katherine Tucker 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):463-472
Telegenetics offers an alternative model of delivering genetic counseling to rural and outreach areas; however there is a
dearth of qualitative research into the patient’s experience. Twelve women who had received telemedicine genetic counseling
for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) within the previous 12 months participated in a semi-structured telephone
interview. The interview explored women’s experience with telegenetics, satisfaction, perceived advantages and disadvantages
and quality of the interaction with their genetic professionals. Overall women were highly satisfied with telegenetics. Telegenetics
offered them convenience and reduced travel and associated costs. The majority of women described feeling a high degree of
social presence, or rapport, with the off-site genetic clinician. One woman with a recent cancer diagnosis, reported that
telemedicine was unable to meet her needs for psychosocial support. This finding highlights the need to be mindful of the
psychosocial support needs of women with a recent diagnosis being seen via telegenetics. Patients attending for HBOC genetic
counseling are generally highly satisfied with the technology and the interaction. Care should be taken, however, with patients
with more complex psychosocial needs. 相似文献
167.
Mary M. Velasquez Karen S. Ingersoll Mark B. Sobell R. Louise Floyd Linda Carter Sobell Kirk von Sternberg 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(2):203-212
Project CHOICES developed an integrated behavioral intervention for prevention of prenatal alcohol exposure in women at high risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Settings included primary care, university-hospital based obstetrical/gynecology practices, an urban jail, substance abuse treatment settings, and a media-recruited sample in three large cities. The intervention was based on motivational interviewing and targeted both adoption of effective contraception and reduction of alcohol use. Treatment included 4 manual-guided sessions delivered by mental health clinicians and 1 contraceptive counseling session delivered by a family planning clinician. This paper describes the rationale for treatment; the use of motivational interviewing and the transtheoretical model for a dual-focused approach to behavior change; the development of the Project CHOICES intervention; development of the study protocol and treatment manual; and selection, training, supervision, and monitoring of study counselors. Implications for future applications of the intervention are discussed. 相似文献
168.
Transfer of skill engendered by complex task training under conditions of variable priority 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boot WR Basak C Erickson KI Neider M Simons DJ Fabiani M Gratton G Voss MW Prakash R Lee H Low KA Kramer AF 《Acta psychologica》2010,135(3):349-357
We explored the theoretical underpinnings of a commonly used training strategy by examining issues of training and transfer of skill in the context of a complex video game (Space Fortress, Donchin, 1989). Participants trained using one of two training regimens: Full Emphasis Training (FET) or Variable Priority Training (VPT). Transfer of training was assessed with a large battery of cognitive and psychomotor tasks ranging from basic laboratory paradigms measuring reasoning, memory, and attention to complex real-world simulations. Consistent with previous studies, VPT accelerated learning and maximized task mastery. However, the hypothesis that VPT would result in broader transfer of training received limited support. Rather, transfer was most evident in tasks that were most similar to the Space Fortress game itself. Results are discussed in terms of potential limitations of the VPT approach. 相似文献
169.
Brian J. Dew Kirk W. Elifson Claire E. Sterk 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2006,26(2):84-98
Young adults' 3,4‐methylenedyoxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use is a national public health concern. Although research on the epidemiology of MDMA use has increased, inquiry into intervention and treatment is needed. The authors examine results from an epidemiological investigation from a clinical perspective and provide suggestions for clinicians working with MDMA users. 相似文献
170.
This article contains an annotated bibliography of 28 quality online resources of use to counselors serving the older working population. The bibliography is divided into 2 sections. The 1st section contains 16 resources specifically related to older workers. The following section contains 12 resources providing information and services useful to older workers. 相似文献