概念组合的理论模型

概念组合是将两个或多个概念组合成一个新概念的过程,生成的新概念被称为组合概念。组合概念的解释策略及影响因素已成为概念研究中的热点问题。研究者相继提出了关系竞争理论、双重加工理论和约束理论等模型。但是,这些理论模型只能解释特定的实验现象,对某些稳定的实验现象（如涌现特征、范畴效应等）却缺乏解释力度。文章提出,未来的研究应该整合已有的实验现象和理论模型,关注概念组合的时间进程,深入考察语境的作用,并系统地研究组合概念的涌现特征和范畴效应。     

Career adaptability,calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined individual and contextual predictors for the professional competence of Chinese undergraduates majoring in social work (N = 270). Results showed that career concern and career curiosity predicted social work students' professional competence, with these relations mediated by the calling in social work. It was also found that the positive effect of calling on professional competence was stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported such that the indirect effects of career concern and career curiosity on professional competence were stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

Instrumental lying by parents in the US and China

The practice of lying to one's children to encourage behavioral compliance was investigated among parents in the US (N = 114) and China (N = 85). The vast majority of parents (84% in the US and 98% in China) reported having lied to their children for this purpose. Within each country, the practice most frequently took the form of falsely threatening to leave a child alone in public if he or she refused to follow the parent. Crosscultural differences were seen: A larger proportion of the parents in China reported that they employed instrumental lie‐telling to promote behavioral compliance, and a larger proportion approved of this practice, as compared to the parents in the US. This difference was not seen on measures relating to the practice of lying to promote positive feelings, or on measures relating to statements about fantasy characters such as the tooth fairy. Findings are discussed with reference to sociocultural values and certain parenting‐related challenges that extend across cultures.     

画人智力测验评分项目的再确定

该研究参照国内外已有的画人测验材料 ,并在以往使用绘人智能测验的基础上 ,重新设计 ,提出了一份包含 80个评分项目的画人评分标准。新标准首先在课题组内试用修改 ,然后又用于 9名标准评分员的培训 ,最后运用总计 2 5 8名 ,年龄为 6～ 1 2岁的小学儿童作预试 ,进行系统的项目分析。在上述过程中 ,对项目进行反复推敲删改 ,最终形成了一份供制订画人智力测验常模用的画人评分标准。该标准分有无、细节、比例、奖励四个维度 ,按身体部位分成头、头发、眼、耳、鼻、口、颈、躯干、上肢、手、下肢、脚以及连接和服饰共十四个大类 ,每大类包含 4～ 8个评分点 ,总计 75个评分点。     

初中学生问题解决能力发展的跨文化研究

本研究采用多因素实验设计。实验中的问题是初三教学涉及的电阻定律,要求学生自己动牧比较抽象概括来解决问题。通过方差分析考察诸多因素对问题解决水平的影响。结果表明：初中学生解决问题能力的水平有多个层次,目前约有６５％的初中生面对较复杂问题无法进行较好的抽象概括,但有针对怀的启发对问题解决有明显遥促进作用;学生的年龄、智力、学绩、教学方式和社会文化环境影响着问题解决的水平。     

学龄儿童汉语正字法意识发展的研究

该研究以小学一年级、三年级、五年级儿童及大学生为被试,让他们对左右、上下和半包围三种结构类型的９０个真字、假字和非字进行词汇判断,以探讨儿童正字法意识的发展,结构类型的相应影响,以及年龄对汉字识别中结构类型效应的作用。结果表明;（１）儿童正字法意识的形成是以识字为基础的逐步发展的过程。小学一年级儿童已萌发了正字法意识,但至五年级时才基本达到了成人水平。（２）只有小学一年级被试的真字识别受结构类型影响。汉字识别中是否存在结构类型效应可能与被试识字经验、材料熟悉性等因素有关．（３）年级内部正字法意识的萌发和年级之间正字法意识发展的差异不受结构类型的影响,但萌发之后各年级内部均是对左右结构汉字正字法意识优于上下结构和半包围结构。     

认知科学——新千年的前沿领域

认知科学是研究人类心智奥秘的高度交叉的综合性学科,它探讨影响人类未来发展命运的重大前沿科学问题,并且受到了社会各界的广泛关注和重视。基于大量翔实的资料,文章介绍了国内外认知科学研究现状,分析了认知科学的研究趋势,探讨了认知科学的应用前景,并指出未来研究者所面临的挑战。     

样例学习条件下的因果力估计

在逐个呈现因果样例的条件下,考察单一因果关系因果力估计的特点,同时检验联想解释,概率对比模型,权重DP模型,效力PC理论和pCI规则。实验让65名大学生被试估计不同化学药物影响动物基因变异的能力。实验结果表明：（1）对产生原因的因果力估计符合权重DP模型;（2）对预防原因的因果力估计较多符合效力PC理论;（3）因果力估计具有复杂多样性,难以用统一的模式加以描述和概括。     

认知研究厚积薄发

1引言 2002年6月,美国国家科学基金会和美国商务部共同提出“聚合四大技术,提高人类素质”(Convergent Technology for Improving Human Performance)计划,主张将21世纪四大前沿技术(即纳米技术、生物技术、信息技术和认知科学)融合发展,并描绘出这样的科学前景：聚合技术以认知科学为先导,因为一旦我们能够在如何(how)、     

分布式认知——一种新的认知观点

分布式认知是指认知分布于个体内、个体间、媒介、环境、文化、社会和时间等之中。它是一种包括所有参与认知的事物的新的分析单元。该文首先简要介绍了分布式认知的概念及分布式认知的历史渊源;其次阐述了分布式认知和个体认知的关系,并介绍了描述这种关系的交互模型和同心圆模型;最后结合实例说明了分布式认知的理论研究意义和实际应用价值。