乡村振兴视域下毛泽东少数民族边疆地区乡村治理思想探析——读《中国农村的社会主义高潮》的思考

巩固少数民族边疆地区乡村治理,是中国共产党人谋求各族人民共同富裕发展目标的本质要求。毛泽东主持编辑的《中国农村的社会主义高潮》收录了具有代表性的少数民族边疆地区乡村治理鲜活案例,充分展现了毛泽东关于少数民族边疆地区乡村治理的战略思想:发挥少数民族边疆地区农牧群众主动性,奠定乡村社会改革治理群众基础;发展少数民族边疆地区农牧业生产合作社,提升乡村改革治理的组织化成效;强化少数民族边疆地区干部队伍和基层党支部建设,夯实乡村改革治理人才组织基础等内容。从实施乡村振兴战略视域来看,毛泽东的这些思想与实践对新时代构建基层社会治理共同体具有重要启迪意义。     

The Recovery of Correlation Between Latent Abilities Using Compensatory and Noncompensatory Multidimensional IRT Models

This research examined correlation estimates between latent abilities when using the two-dimensional and three-dimensional compensatory and noncompensatory item response theory models. Simulation study results showed that the recovery of the latent correlation was best when the test contained 100% of simple structure items for all models and conditions. When a test measured weakly discriminated dimensions, it became harder to recover the latent correlation. Results also showed that increasing the sample size, test length, or using simpler models (i.e., two-parameter logistic rather than three-parameter logistic, compensatory rather than noncompensatory) could improve the recovery of latent correlation.     

中国管理会计理论研究的发展和亟待解决的几个问题

中国管理会计理论研究发展较快,成果颇多,本文将其分为以下几个方面述评:(1)"控制现在和筹划未来"的理论体系创立;(2)从支持经营决策到支持战略决策;(3)从注重物本管理到注重人本管理和智本管理;(4)预算管理创新和管理会计系统整合;(5)核心能力和智力资本管理会计研究.不过,中国管理会计研究明显弱于财务会计研究,并存在如下几大亟待解决问题:管理会计研究方法的多元化;与社会学、心理学和组织行为学等理论的多学科交叉的管理会计研究的强化;支持董事会决策的管理会计系统的设计;支持内部控制和风险管理的管理会计系统设计;跨企业边界的成本协同管理和管理控制.     

Preventing School Bullying: Investigation of the Link between Anti‐Bullying Strategies,Prevention Ownership,Prevention Climate,and Prevention Leadership

School bullying has been a major health and safety concern for teachers and students, which calls for effective strategies to address the issue. In this study, we explored individual and organisational factors that improve the effects of teachers’ use of anti‐bullying strategies in reducing or preventing student bullying. Specifically, we examined the moderating role of teachers’ psychological ownership of their school's anti‐bullying system in the relationship between teacher‐reported use of anti‐bullying strategies and student‐reported bullying incidents. We also investigated how principals’ bullying prevention leadership, rated by a group of directors who are the immediate subordinates of these principals, inspires teachers’ psychological ownership of their school's anti‐bullying system through building teachers’ shared perceptions of a bullying prevention climate. Results of multilevel analyses of multisource data from 2,123 teachers, 407 directors, and 15,967 students in 110 junior and senior high schools indicated that the impact of teacher‐reported use of anti‐bullying strategies on student‐reported bullying incidents was strengthened when teachers have a high level of psychological ownership of their school's anti‐bullying system. Further, principals’ bullying prevention leadership was significantly positively related to teachers’ psychological ownership of their school's anti‐bullying system through teachers’ shared perceptions of a bullying prevention climate.     

Clarifying the Role of Psychological Pain in the Risks of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Acts among Patients with Major Depressive Episodes

The role of psychological pain in the risk of suicide was explored using a three‐dimensional psychological pain model (pain arousal, painful feelings, pain avoidance). The sample consisted of 111 outpatients with major depressive episodes, including 28 individuals with suicidal histories. They completed the Chinese version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Psychache Scale, and the three‐dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS). A structured clinical interview was conducted to assess the history of suicidal acts. Significant correlations were found among BDI, BSI, and TDPPS scores (p < .01). Stepwise regression analyses showed that only pain avoidance scores significantly predicted suicide ideation at one's worst point (β = .79, p < .001) and suicidal acts (β = .46, p < .001). Pain avoidance was also a better predictor of current suicidal ideation (β = .37, p = .001) than were BDI scores (β = .31, p < .01). Increased levels of pain avoidance during a major depressive episode may be a dominant component of the motivation for suicide. Future clinical assessments for populations at high risk of suicide should include measures of psychological pain to reduce the incidence of suicide.     

慧远佛学思想的内在矛盾与展开

慧远是中国佛教史上的代表性人物,其佛学思想丰富而复杂,从而构成了自身的内在矛盾性.这种矛盾性集中体现在"本无"与"神我"、"性空"与"法性"、"禅修"与"净土"等三个方面.本文通过对慧远佛学思想内在矛盾与展开的分析,力图理清慧远思想的特质,从而从一个侧面,窥测中国佛学发展的路向.