视觉信息分布调节信息整合策略：来自眼动的证据

以空白单元格定位为实验任务,操纵序列点阵的分布,考察视觉短时记忆与视知觉的信息整合机制。实验一发现任务正确率与点阵1的圆点数呈近似U形关系。实验二发现在拐点前后被试的眼动模式从偏向于注视圆点位置转为偏向于注视空格位置。因此,视觉信息的分布模式调节整合策略,当处于视觉短时记忆中的圆点数在其容量之内时,采用图像—知觉整合策略,反之,则采用转换—比较策略。     

Asian Couples in Negotiation: A Mixed‐Method Observational Study of Cultural Variations Across Five Asian Regions

The purpose of this study was to explore variations in how contemporary couples from five different Asian regions negotiate disagreements. Video recordings of 50 couples (10 each from Japan, Korea, Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) discussing unresolved disagreements provided raw data for quantitative and qualitative analyses. First, teams of coders from each region used a common protocol to make quantitative ratings of content themes and interaction patterns for couples from their own region. An interregional panel of investigators then performed in‐depth qualitative reviews for half of these cases, noting cultural differences not only in observed patterns of couple behavior but also in their own perceptions of these patterns. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed clear regional differences on dimensions such as overt negativity, demand‐withdraw interaction, and collaboration. The qualitative results also provided a richer, more nuanced view of other (e.g., gender‐linked) conflict management patterns that the quantitative analyses did not capture. Inconsistencies between qualitative and quantitative data and between the qualitative observations of investigators from different regions were most pronounced for couples from Korea and Japan, whose conflict styles were subtler and less direct than those of couples from the other regions.     

Thermal expansion coefficients of Mo-Si compounds by first-principles calculations

Taking Mo-Si compounds as model systems, we show that the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of complex structures can be calculated precisely from first principles by incorporating the Debye model for acoustic response. Specifically, we obtain a nearly isotropic CTE in MoSi₂ but a highly anisotropic CTE in Mo₅Si₃. The CTE anisotropy in Mo₅Si₃ is due to an elastically more rigid basal plane and a higher anharmonicity along the c axis. As the structure of 5-3 compounds is modified from D8_m to D8_l by boron substitutions (Mo₅SiB₂), we predict a significant decrease in the CTE anisotropy, which is confirmed by experiments.     

通货膨胀、通货紧缩和产品类型对货币幻觉的影响

货币幻觉是指经济交易活动中,人们因倾向于以货币的名义价值而非实际价值思考从而对其消费和投资行为造成影响的一种认知偏差。本研究探讨了在通货膨胀和通货紧缩下以及产品类型对货币幻觉程度的影响。研究发现,在通货膨胀或通货紧缩下,大部分被试判断经济状况时不受货币名义价值的影响,而判断快乐程度和离职意向时受到货币名义价值的影响;在相同的涨价幅度下被试对日常消费品和昂贵消费品涨价幅度的判断差异显著,昂贵消费品引起人们更高程度的货币幻觉。     

互动公平开启女性管理者责任心之门：“双承诺”视角

采用问卷调查法,以国内十二家企业520名在职女性管理者为研究对象,运用层级回归分析方法,探讨了互动公平对管理者责任心的影响及其内在作用机制。结果表明：互动公平通过组织支持感的完全中介效应影响管理者责任心;职业承诺和组织承诺在互动公平与管理者责任心的关系中,分别起到了调节作用;当两者进入同一个调节模型时,组织承诺的调节作用掩盖了职业承诺的作用。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论价值和实践启示。     

The role of affective and cognitive empathy in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression of a Singaporean sample of boys

Bullying behavior is a serious form of school violence, affecting many children. This study investigated the contributions of 2 specific components of empathy (affective and cognitive empathy) on the 3 forms of aggressive behaviors in a sample of 241 Grade 4 and Grade 5 boys from Singapore. The 2 components of empathy differed in their relation with the 3 types of aggression. After accounting for cognitive empathy, affective empathy was associated with physical aggression. Neither affective empathy nor cognitive empathy was associated with verbal aggression. With control for affective empathy, cognitive empathy was associated with indirect aggression. Results suggest that empathy training based on specific deficits may be helpful in intervention and prevention of specific aggressive behaviors.     

The impact of feedback frequency on learning and task performance: Challenging the “more is better” assumption

Previous research on feedback frequency suggests that more frequent feedback improves learning and task performance (Salmoni, Schmidt, & Walter, 1984). Drawing from resource allocation theory (Kanfer & Ackerman, 1989), we challenge the “more is better” assumption and propose that frequent feedback can overwhelm an individual’s cognitive resource capacity, thus reducing task effort and producing an inverted-U relationship with learning and performance over time. We then propose that positive and negative affective states will moderate the inverted-U relationship between feedback frequency and task performance. We test these propositions in an experimental study where the frequency of task feedback is manipulated. Results show that feedback frequency exhibits an inverted-U relationship with task performance, and this relationship is mediated by task effort. This curvilinear relationship is then moderated by individual’s positive affective state.     

The associations between non-suicidal self-injury and borderline personality disorder features among Chinese adolescents

This study examined the relative importance of four major BPD features, that is, affective instability, disturbed interpersonal relationship, unstable sense of self, and behavioral impulsivity, in explaining the presence, initiation, repetition, and discontinuation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among a 2-year follow-up sample of 4,782 (68.5% girls) Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. Affective instability, disturbed interpersonal relationship and behavioral impulsivity were significantly associated with the presence of NSSI both concurrently and longitudinally. These three BPD features were also related to the future initiation of NSSI. On the other hand, only behavioral impulsivity made a significant contribution to the repetition of NSSI. Additionally, a lower level of affective instability was also associated with quitting NSSI. We discussed some possible mechanisms underlying the effects of different BPD features on different developmental stages of NSSI.