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241.
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243.
Varol?Onur?Kayhan Zheng??Chen Kimberly?A.?French Tammy?D.?Allen Kristen?Salomon Alison?Watkins 《Behavior research methods》2018,50(1):57-83
There is growing interest among organizational researchers in tapping into alternative sources of data beyond self-reports to provide a new avenue for measuring behavioral constructs. Use of alternative data sources such as wearable sensors is necessary for developing theory and enhancing organizational practice. Although wearable sensors are now commercially available, the veracity of the data they capture is largely unknown and mostly based on manufacturers’ claims. The goal of this research is to test the validity and reliability of data captured by one such wearable badge (by Humanyze) in the context of structured meetings where all individuals wear a badge for the duration of the encounter. We developed a series of studies, each targeting a specific sensor of this badge that is relevant for structured meetings, and we make specific recommendations for badge data usage based on our validation results. We have incorporated the insights from our studies on a website that researchers can use to conduct validation tests for their badges, upload their data, and assess the validity of the data. We discuss this website in the corresponding studies. 相似文献
244.
Evaluation of visuoconstructional abilities is a common part of clinical neuropsychological assessment, and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI; K. E. Beery & N. A. Beery, 2004) is often used for this purpose. However, few studies have examined its psychometric properties when used to assess children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), even though these are among the most common acquired and neurodevelopmental forms of brain dysfunction in children. This study examined the validity of VMI scores in 123 children with TBI and 65 with ADHD. The TBI and ADHD groups performed significantly worse than the standardization sample, obtaining VMI mean scores of 87.2 (SD = 13.7) and 93.5 (SD = 11.27). Previous research has noted decrements in visuoconstructional abilities in TBI but relative sparing in ADHD. To examine the criterion validity of VMI scores, the authors therefore compared these 2 groups. As anticipated, the TBI group performed significantly worse than the ADHD group, but receiver operator characteristic analysis indicated that VMI scores were poor at discriminating between groups. Nonetheless, convergent validity evidence supported interpretation of VMI scores as measuring perceptual organization in both groups. In particular, principal components analysis indicated that VMI total scores loaded with perceptual organization tests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd ed. (WISC-III; D. Wechsler, 1997), and its highest correlation was with the WISC-III Perceptual Organization Index. Also, the VMI correlated significantly with the Grooved Pegboard test for the group with TBI. These findings suggest that VMI scores are sensitive to visuoconstructional and motor deficits in children with developmental and acquired brain dysfunction. 相似文献
245.
Erin T. Reuther Thompson E. DavisIII Amie E. Grills-Taquechel Kimberly R. Zlomke 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(3):268-274
Fear of anxiety, the fear of developing physiological symptoms associated with anxiety, is investigated in this study and
the extent to which fear of anxiety is differentially present in the various subtypes of specific phobias. Participants were
260 undergraduate students divided into those having fears corresponding to one of the specific phobia types and those having
no reported fears. Participants completed a variety of measures including the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and the
Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results indicated fearful participants had more fear of anxiety than non-fearful participants.
In addition, non-fearful participants reported significantly less frequent catastrophic cognitions than fearful participants
of the situational and other types. Non-fearful control participants also reported less fear of bodily sensations than fearful
participants of the animal and other subtypes. This study provides supporting evidence that the phenomenon of fear of anxiety
is present in fears similar to specific phobias. 相似文献
246.
This paper examines the similarities and differences between emotion regulation and stress coping and reviews research that
suggests that the association between emotion regulation and stress may be explained by the common neural structures. Developmental
changes related to emotion regulation and stress are also discussed. Overall, the research suggests that individuals vary
in their ability to regulate emotions and cope with stress, and these abilities may differ across age. Little is known, however,
about the factors that influence individual differences in emotion regulation and stress coping. We suggest that behavioral
genetic designs may be an important avenue for future research. Such research would indicate the extent to which variation
in emotion regulation and stress are due to genetic and/or environmental influences and further the extent to which common
genetic and/or environmental factors explain the links between emotion regulation and stress. 相似文献
247.
To examine whether anticipatory attention or expectancy is a cognitive process that is automatic or requires conscious control, we employed a paired-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) paradigm during the transition to sleep. The slow negative ERP wave observed between two successive stimuli, the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), reflects attention and expectancy to the second stimulus. Thirteen good sleepers were instructed to respond to the second stimulus in a pair during waking sessions. In a non-response paradigm modified for sleep, participants then fell asleep while tones played. As expected, N1 decreased and P2 increased in amplitude systematically with the loss of consciousness at sleep onset; the CNV was increasingly more positive. Sleep onset latency was correlated with the amplitude of the CNV. The systematic attenuation of the CNV waveform at sleep onset and its absence in sleep indicates that anticipatory attention requires endogenous conscious control. 相似文献
248.
Balsam KF Molina Y Beadnell B Simoni J Walters K 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2011,17(2):163-174
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals who are also racial/ethnic minorities (LGBT-POC) are a multiply marginalized population subject to microaggressions associated with both racism and heterosexism. To date, research on this population has been hampered by the lack of a measurement tool to assess the unique experiences associated with the intersection of these oppressions. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a three-phase, mixed method empirical study to assess microaggressions among LGBT-POC. The LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale is an 18-item self-report scale assessing the unique types of microaggressions experienced by ethnic minority LGBT adults. The measure includes three subscales: (a) Racism in LGBT communities, (b) Heterosexism in Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities, and (c) Racism in Dating and Close Relationships, that are theoretically consistent with prior literature on racial/ethnic minority LGBTs and have strong psychometric properties including internal consistency and construct validity in terms of correlations with measures of psychological distress and LGBT-identity variables. Men scored higher on the LGBT-PCMS than women, lesbians and gay men scored higher than bisexual women and men, and Asian Americans scored higher than African Americans and Latina/os. 相似文献
249.
The mechanisms underlying tracking and capture of moving objects in non-human animals are poorly understood. This set of experiments
sought to further explore aspects of anticipatory tracking in pigeons and to conduct comparisons with human participants.
In Experiment 1a, pigeons were presented with two types of varying velocities (fast-slow-fast or slow-fast-slow) in separate
phases. They were readily able to track and anticipate both of these motion types. To examine the effects of predictability
on anticipatory tracking, Experiment 1b presented the pigeons with the same two varying velocities randomly intermixed within
a session. This resulted in reduced capture success, later capture, and errors that no longer anticipated ahead of the motion,
suggesting that the anticipatory mechanism had been disrupted. This implies that the mechanisms involved in pigeon tracking
are different from the predictive extrapolation mechanism proposed in humans. Experiment 2 tested this by presenting adult
humans with a tracking task that was similar to tasks previously received by the pigeons. The capture behavior of humans was
similar to the pigeons, but the errors revealed different processes underlying their tracking behavior. 相似文献
250.
Melissa Wells Kimberly J Mitchell David Finkelhor Kathryn A Becker-Blease 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(3):453-459
Concerns and considerations have emerged as mental health professionals contemplate the provision of mental health treatment over the Internet. This paper identifies perceptions of online mental health treatment among a national sample of 2,098 social workers, psychologists, and other professionals. These professionals were unlikely to provide online mental health treatment, although some used the Internet as an adjunct to clinical practice. They noted specific concerns related to the provision of mental health treatment online, including confidentiality of client information and liability issues. We explore these issues and discuss implications for professionals who provide mental health treatment. 相似文献