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21.
Kimberly D. Turnage Terri L. Bonebright Dion C. Buhman John H. Flowers 《Behavior research methods》1996,28(2):270-274
The equivalence of visual and auditory graphical displays was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, multidimensional scaling techniques were applied to paired comparison similarity judgments of both auditory and visual displays of simple periodic wave forms. In Experiment 2, a subset of perceptually similar pairs of wave forms was selected as the stimulus set for an AB-X discrimination task in both auditory and visual modalities. Results suggest much greater apparent visual-auditory equivalence for the similarity rating task than for the more difficult discrimination task, implying that one should consider the demands of the task when deciding whether auditory graphic displays are suitable alternatives to more traditional visual displays. 相似文献
22.
Ryan D. Tweney Michael E. Doherty Winifred J. Worner Daniel B. Pliske Clifford R. Mynatt Kimberly A. Gross Daniel L. Arkkelin 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1980,32(1):109-123
It has long been known that subjects in certain inference tasks will seek evidence which can confirm their present hypotheses, even in situations where disconfirmatory evidence could be more informative. We sought to alter this tendency in a series of experiments which employed a rule discovery task, the 2-4-6 problem first described by Wason. The first experiment instructionally modified subjects confirmatory tendencies. While a disconfirmatory strategy was easily induced, it did not lead to greater efficiency in discovering the rule. The second experiment introduced subjects to the possibility of disconfirmation only after they had developed a strongly held hypothesis through the use of confirmatory evidence. This manipulation also failed to alter the efficiency of rule discovery. In the third experiment, subjects were taught to use multiple hypotheses at each step, in the manner of Platt's “Strong Inference”. This operation actually worsened performance. Finally, in the fourth experiment, the structure of the problem was altered slightly by asking subjects to seek two interrelated rules. A dramatic increase in performance resulted, perhaps because information which in previous tasks was seen as merely erroneous could now be related to an alternative rule. The four studies have broad implications for the psychological study of inference processes in general, and for the study of scientific inference in particular. 相似文献
23.
The interactive effects of gender role typing and adherence to a superwoman ideal (desiring to excel in many diverse roles) on the potential for disordered eating were examined among a nonclinical sample of women. Results indicated that both masculine and feminine gender-typed women who strongly adhered to a superwoman ideal were at greater risk for eating disorders than androgynous superwomen. In contrast, androgynous superwomen had relatively low potential for disordered eating and appeared comparable to women who, regardless of gender typing, rejected the superwoman ideal. Women undifferentiated with regard to gender type, whether superwomen or not, also had reduced potential for disordered eating. Findings are discussed with regard to gender role socialization and expectations, and the implications for mediating the potential for eating disorders are considered. 相似文献
24.
Quaid KA 《The Journal of clinical ethics》1991,2(4):238-240
In "The Ethical Justification for Minimal Paternalism in the Use of the Predictive Test for Huntington's Disease," David DeGrazia attempts to provide a rational analysis of the exclusion criteria and counseling requirements for predictive testing proposed by the Huntington's Disease Society of America (HDSA). The need for analysis is clear. These protocols and procedures for predictive testing for Huntington's disease (HD) are being used as models for testing programs for any number of genetic conditions. DeGrazia concludes that the HDSA guidelines are reasonable, a conclusion with which I agree. However, I believe that DeGrazia, by placing his analysis within the framework of autonomy versus paternalism, overlooks both the fundamental rationale for the testing procedures and the true barriers to testing....The difficulties encountered during the testing process clearly demonstrated the failure of abstract principles to deal with real life. 相似文献
25.
Bill Himadi Frances Osteen Andrew J. Kaiser Kimberly Daniel 《Behavioral Interventions》1991,6(5):355-366
This study examined the strength of delusional beliefs during the modification of delusional verbalizations of a 51 year-old chronically mentally ill inpatient. The changing-criterion design was used to document the effectiveness of a behavioral treatment package to alter the rate of delusional responses to personal background questions. The results revealed a stepwise decline in the frequency of delusional responses. Generalization effects to novel interviewers were obtained. No changes were obtained on the subject's ratings of delusional beliefs, with the subject assigning ratings of absolute conviction to his beliefs throughout the duration of the study. 相似文献
26.
Sellers Christina M. Díaz-Valdés Antonia Porter Andrew C. Glenn Catherine R. Miller Adam Bryant Battalen Adeline Wyman O’Brien Kimberly H. McManama 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2021,49(11):1503-1511
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - The purpose of this study was to understand the trajectories of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide plans (SP) in the 90 days... 相似文献
27.
Kimberly H. McManama O'Brien Joanna Almeida Lauren View Molly Schofield William Hall Laika Aguinaldo Colleen A. Ryan Eleni Maneta 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2021,28(1):22-39
Transitioning from an acute psychiatric care setting to a less restrictive environment after a suicidal event is arguably the most critical period of suicide risk for adolescents, making comprehensive safety and coping plans for this population ever more critical. In this paper we provide theoretical and empirical rationale for the need for developmental adaptations to current safety planning procedures for suicidal adolescents, as well as the standardization of pediatric safety plans for broader use across settings that provide acute psychiatric care to adolescents. We describe how we developed the Adolescent Safety and Coping Plan (ASCP) using qualitative in-depth interviews with 20 adolescents and their parents, explain the specific components of the ASCP, and give a case example of the ASCP being used with a young adolescent and her parents. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the barriers and facilitators of the use of the ASCP in settings that provide acute psychiatric care, as well as the need for future research to test the ASCP with diverse adolescent and family populations and settings. 相似文献
28.
Emma Acke Dr. Melissa Milna De Smet Dr. Kimberly Van Nieuwenhove Prof. Dr. Reitske Meganck 《Psychologica Belgica》2022,62(1):17
Client agency is considered a crucial contributor to good treatment outcome. Recent studies, however, differ strongly in how they conceptualise and investigate agency. The current study explores the nature of client agency in ten clients’ pre-treatment interviews. Applying Consensual Qualitative Research, we constructed three overarching categories, subdivided into 14 sub-categories capturing both between- and within-person differences in agency before therapy. We found that all participants oscillated between the experience of a lack of grip on problems on the one hand and noticing their involvement in the problem and taking action on the other. These results present a dynamic conceptualisation of client agency. This allows us to ask pertinent questions for both future research and clinical practice. 相似文献
29.
Chambless DL Fauerbach JA Floyd FJ Wilson KA Remen AL Renneberg B 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2002,111(3):502-512
Married couples with a female agoraphobic spouse (n = 22) were compared with demographically similar community control couples (n = 21) on self-report and observational measures of marital interaction. Consistent with hypotheses, husbands of agoraphobic women were more critical of their wives than were control husbands, and clinical couples were less likely to engage in positive problem solution than control couples. Contrary to hypothesis, clinical husbands were not less supportive than control husbands. Where general measures of marital distress were concerned, clinical couples, relative to control couples, evinced more distress by self-report, by their higher rate of negative nonverbal behavior, and by their longer sequences of negative exchanges. 相似文献
30.
The automatic evaluation of novel stimuli 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
From classic theory and research in psychology, we distill a broad theoretical statement that evaluative responding can be immediate, unintentional, implicit, stimulus based, and linked directly to approach and avoidance motives. This statement suggests that evaluative responses should be elicited by novel, nonrepresentational stimuli (e.g., abstract art, "foreign" words). We tested this hypothesis through combining the best features of relevant automatic–affect research paradigms. We first obtained explicit evaluative ratings of novel stimuli. From these, we selected normatively positive and negative stimuli to use as primes in a sequential priming paradigm. Two experiments using this paradigm demonstrated that briefly presented novel prime stimuli were evaluated automatically, as they facilitated responses to subsequently presented target stimuli of the same valence just as much as did pictures or names of real objects. A final experiment revealed that exposure to novel stimuli produces muscular predispositions to approach or avoid them. 相似文献