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731.
Using rape myth research as a template, we developed a conceptual definition and measurement instrument for the mythology regarding male sexual harassment of women, resulting in the 20-item Illinois Sexual Harassment Myth Acceptance (ISHMA) Scale. Surveys from 337 students in the Midwestern region of the United States revealed that this measure consists of four factors, which share predicted relationships with rape mythology, sexism, hostility toward women, traditional attitudes toward women, and ideological support for the feminist movement. We also found that women and individuals with prior training on sexual harassment reject these myths more than men and untrained individuals. It is hoped that this new definition, conceptualization, and measure will advance knowledge on attitudes that support and perpetuate violence against women. 相似文献
732.
733.
Kimberly M. Lukaszewski Dianna L. Stone Eugene F. Stone-Romero 《Journal of business and psychology》2008,23(3-4):73-86
Using data from employed participants in two separate studies, we examined the effects of (a) the ability to choose the type of human resource system, and (b) the type of information disclosed on perceptions of invasion of privacy and satisfaction with the human resource system. Results of both studies revealed that individuals were more satisfied with human resource services and less likely to perceive that the disclosure of data was invasive of privacy when (a) they had the ability to choose the type of system through which data were disclosed, and (b) the information disclosed was non-medical as opposed to medical in nature. The results have important implications for safeguarding employee privacy, developing privacy policies in organizations, and enhancing employee satisfaction with human resource services. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed. 相似文献
734.
The present study examined trajectories of paternal support and maternal depressive symptoms over the first two years after the birth of a child. First-time mothers (N = 582) were assessed 6 times during the first 24 months of their child's life. At each assessment they reported on a number of ways in which their child's father provided support, and at three of the assessments, their own depressive symptomatology was assessed. Latent growth curve models revealed that while higher support was related to lower depressive symptomatology, both paternal support and maternal depression tended to decrease over time. The relationships between paternal support and maternal depression are complex and suggest the importance of considering the multiple ways that parents influence one another over time. 相似文献
735.
736.
Increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation, culminating in elevated circulating cortisol levels is a fundamental response to stressors. In animals, this neuroendocrine change is highly reliable and marked (approximately 5-10-fold elevations), whereas in humans, the increase of cortisol release is less pronounced, and even some potent life-threatening events (anticipation of surgery) only elicit modest cortisol increases. Meta-analysis of factors that influenced the increase of cortisol release in a laboratory context pointed to the importance of social evaluative threats and stressor controllability in accounting for the cortisol rise. The present meta-analysis, covering the period from 1978 through March 2007, was undertaken to identify the factors most closely aligned with cortisol increases in natural settings. It appeared that stressor chronicity was fundamental in predicting cortisol changes; however, this variable is often confounded by the stressor type, the stressor's controllability, as well as contextual factors, making it difficult to disentangle their relative contributions to the cortisol response. Moreover, several experiential factors (e.g. previous stressor experiences) may influence the cortisol response to ongoing stressors, but these are not readily deduced through a meta-analysis. Nevertheless, there are ample data suggesting that stressful events, through their actions on cortisol levels and reactivity, may influence psychological and physical pathology. 相似文献
737.
This article examines the impact of providing personalized familial cancer risk assessments with the Jameslink Cancer Risk Assessment Tool. Users of the Jameslink (N = 166) at eight community health fairs completed a survey including demographic, psychosocial and behavioral variables to
better understand responses to the Jameslink. No differences were found between whites and those of other races for variables of interest, indicating suitability of the
Jameslink for diverse populations. Those with higher Jameslink-assessed risk had higher perceived risk of cancer. Approximately half (53.8%) reported that they would speak to their physician
about their Jameslink-assessed risk. A regression found Jameslink-assessed risk, cancer worry, and perceived risk of cancer predicted intentions to speak to a physician about their risk.
In addition, open-ended data provided suggestions to improve the Jameslink. Changes in content and format were suggested; however most were happy with the program and encouraged its promotion. The
lack of findings for differences as a function of race bolsters the use of computerized Cancer Risk Assessment Tools in diverse
communities. The positive feedback of users and the close association between cancer risk assessment, perceived risk, and
intention to speak to a physician are supportive of continued use and development of Cancer Risk Assessment Tools in the community
to promote awareness of cancer risk. 相似文献
738.
As advancements in the treatment of childhood cancer have resulted in increasing survival rates, the psychosocial functioning
of child patients has become an increasingly important issue. In this pilot study, we investigate the relationships among
parents’ characteristics, children’s characteristics, and the quality of life experienced by children who are diagnosed with
cancer. Forty-seven mothers, sixteen fathers, and nineteen children completed measures about their own psychological functioning
as well as measures about the children’s quality of life. Mothers’ ratings of their children’s quality of life were correlated
positively with the ratings provided by both fathers and the children themselves. In addition, significant relationships were
found between mothers’ depression and parenting stress and children’s quality of life as well as between mothers’ and fathers’
anxiety and children’s quality of life. Finally, using regression analyses, mothers’, fathers’, and children’s ratings of
their own characteristics predicted significantly their ratings of the children’s quality of life. The importance of examining
the psychological characteristics of family members when assessing the quality of life of children who are diagnosed with
cancer is discussed. 相似文献
739.
740.
Marjorie Rhodes Chelsea Hetherington Kimberly Brink Henry M. Wellman 《Developmental science》2015,18(6):909-916
The experiences of social partners are important motivators of social action. Can infants use such experiences to make predictions about how social agents will behave? Sixteen‐month‐old infants were introduced to two social pairs. Initial events established within‐pair cooperation as well as between‐pair conflict involving an individual from each pair. Following these events, infants looked longer when between‐pair members who had never previously interacted now cooperated – instead of conflicted – with each other. Thus, infants tracked the third‐person allegiances and inferred that the conflict would generalize across social partnerships. These findings demonstrate a critical feature of early social cognition and promote needed, further research on the role of social allegiances in social cognition across development. 相似文献