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171.
In the present study we examined the impact of a comprehensive literacy instruction model called Collaborative Language and Literacy Instruction Project (CLLIP) on language and literacy achievement over the course of a year by Spanish‐speaking children in Chile. Participants included kindergartners (N = 312) from high and low socioeconomic backgrounds and first‐grade students (N = 305) from high SES families. The CLLIP model targeted phonological awareness, alphabetics and phonics, fluency, vocabulary, reading comprehension and writing, and included coaching and sustained follow‐up as key elements for teacher professional development. The results showed promise for the CLLIP model in the Chilean context. Kindergartners in CLLIP classrooms had faster growth rates in letter naming, word reading, vocabulary, and phonemic segmentation fluency than those in control classrooms, and had higher scores at the end of the year in phonemic segmentation fluency, letter naming, and word reading. In addition, kindergartners from high SES families had faster growth rates than kindergartners from low SES families in letter naming and word reading. Effect sizes ranged from small (d = .18 in word reading) to fairly large (d = .70 in letter‐naming fluency). First‐grade students in CLLIP classrooms had faster growth rates than students in control classrooms in vocabulary, nonword reading fluency, word reading, and reading comprehension. Effect sizes were small in vocabulary, nonword reading fluency, and reading comprehension (.23 ≤ d ≤ .28) and medium in word reading (d = .50). These results suggest that the present multicomponent literacy instructional model had a positive impact on Chilean children's literacy acquisition. 相似文献
172.
Kim‐Pong Tam 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(5):947-955
Why do people consider cosmetic surgery? Based on the terror management theory, the present research identifies an existential motive: Through cosmetic surgery, people can symbolically defend against their death anxiety. A correlational study and an experiment showed that death terror, whether operationalized as individual differences in fear of death or experimentally manipulated mortality salience, was associated with stronger acceptance of cosmetic surgery. This association was absent among participants who did not consider physical appearance important, and weaker among those who were satisfied about their appearance. Also, this association was particularly strong among those with high explicit self‐esteem. This concurs with the recent theoretical development about the role of self‐esteem in symbolic defenses against death terror. 相似文献
173.
Colin van der Heiden Kim Melchior Ella de Stigter 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2013,43(3):151-157
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) responds well to individually delivered metacognitive therapy (MCT). The current study investigated the effectiveness of MCT administered to groups of patients with GAD in a general outpatient treatment centre. Thirty-three consecutively referred adult patients with GAD were assessed before treatment (pretreatment), after the last treatment session (posttreatment), and six months after treatment had ended (follow-up). Analyses of treatment effects were conducted for all patients entering the study (i.e., intent-to-treat analysis, using the last-observation-carried-forward procedure), and repeated for the patients who completed treatment (completers analysis), using paired samples t-tests. Further, effect sizes (ESs) and indices of clinical significance were calculated, and compared with those reported in studies into the efficacy and effectiveness of individually delivered MCT for GAD. Among both the intent-to-treat and the completers sample, large pre- to posttreatment reductions in symptoms of worry, trait-anxiety, and general psychopathology. The magnitude of change and the degree of clinical significance were smaller than those reported in studies into the effectiveness of individually delivered MCT for GAD, whereas the attrition rate (27 %) was higher. It is tentatively concluded that MCT for GAD can be effectively delivered in a group format in a heterogenous clinical practice setting. Further evaluation is clearly indicated. 相似文献
174.
Two experiments are reported, which examined the relative contributions of preload (resting force level), change of force, and the time taken to achieve the force in determining isometric force variability. The findings showed that change of force is the strongest determiner of peak force variability but that preload and time to peak force have smaller though systematic effects. A formula that predicts peak force variability is proposed, with preload as an additive effect to the ratio between the change of force level and the square root of time to peak force. These findings confirm that these three impulse variables are significant in predicting force variability and that the impact of rate of force on peak force variability is nonlinear. 相似文献
175.
Research in South Korea and the United States examined how affective states facilitate or inhibit culturally dominant styles of reasoning. According to the affect-as-information hypothesis, affective cues of mood influence judgements by serving as embodied information about the value of accessible inclinations and cognitions. Extending this line of research to culture, we hypothesised that positive affect should promote (and negative affect should inhibit) culturally normative reasoning. The results of two studies of causal reasoning supported this hypothesis. Positive and negative affect functioned like “go” and “stop” signals, respectively, for culturally typical reasoning styles. Thus, in happy (compared to sad) moods, Koreans engaged in more holistic reasoning, whereas Americans engaged in more analytic reasoning. 相似文献
176.
Jill Fitzgerald A. Jackson Stenner Eleanor E. Sanford-Moore Heather Koons Kimberly Bowen Kee Hyung Kim 《Reading Psychology》2013,34(2):173-202
The differences in spelling error features among learning disabled and normal students spelling instructionally on four grade levels of achievement were investigated. The categories of errors were determined by invented spelling research. The results indicated that the ranking of error features for each group were significantly correlated, and that the range of individual variation about the mean group pattern of spelling error variables was highly similar at each level of achievement. The findings are congruent with the theory of developmental word knowledge and support the position that learning disabled and normally achieving children acquire specific aspects of English orthography in highly similar progressions. 相似文献
177.
Research examined construct meaning and validity for two new measures of receptive and expressive vocabulary for Spanish-speaking kindergarteners learning English. Substantive validity and generalizability of score meaning was assessed by examining correlations between an established measure (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–PPVT) and new measures (Stanford English Language Proficiency Test–SELP; Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills, Word Use Fluency, DIBELS–WUF). Positive correlations between the SELP and PPVT supported validity of the SELP as a measure of receptive and expressive vocabulary for these children. DIBELS–WUF results were less clear with lower correlations between the PPVT raising questions about appropriateness. 相似文献
178.
Kim Knott 《Religion》2013,43(4):405-411
Robert K. C. Forman, Mysticism, Mind, Consciousness. Albany, State University of New York Press, 1999, x+214 pp., $49.50 (hardback) ISBN 0 7914 4169 5, $16.96 (paperback) ISBN 0 7914 4170 9. Deborah F. Sawyer and Diane M. Collier (eds), Is There a Future for Feminist Theology? Sheffield, Sheffield Academic Press, 1999, 210 pp., £35.00, $57.50 (hardback) ISBN 1 85075 963 4, £14.95, $24.75 (paperback) ISBN 1 85075 979 0. Adnan Aslan, Religious Pluralism in Christian and Islamic Philosophy: The Thought of John Hick and Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Richmond, Curzon, 1998, £45.00 ISBN 0 7007 1025 6. Carol S. Anderson, Pain and its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon. Richmond, Curzon, 1999, xi+255 pp., £40.00 ISBN 0 7007 1065 5. Michael P. Morrisey, Consciousness and Transcendence: The Theology of Eric Voegelin. Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, xiii+334 pp., $41.95 ISBN 0 268 00793 4. Robert A. Segal, Theorizing About Myth. Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 1999, $50.00 (hardback) ISBN 1 55849 194 5, $15.95 (paperback) ISBN 1 55849 191 0. Eleanor Abdella Doumato, Getting God's Ear: Women, Islam, and Healing in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. New York, Columbia University Press, 2000, xiv+312 pp. $45.00, £28.50 (hardback) ISBN 0231 11666 7, $18.50, £12.00 (paperback) ISBN 0231 11667 5. Thomas A. Carlson, Indiscretion: Finitude and the Naming of God. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1999, xiv+307 pp., $45.00, £35.95 (hardback) ISBN 0226 09293 3, $18.00, £14.50 (paperback) ISBN 0226 09294 1. Harold D. Roth, Original Tao: Inward Training and the Foundations of Taoist Mysticism. New York, Columbia University Press, 1999, xvii+294 pp., $29.50, £19.00 ISBN 0231 11564 4. 相似文献
179.
Alexandria Meyer Greg Hajcak Dana C. Torpey Autumn Kujawa Jiyon Kim Sara Bufferd Gabrielle Carlson Daniel N. Klein 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2013,41(8):1257-1266
Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed form of psychopathology in children and often result in chronic impairment that persists into adulthood. Identifying neurobehavioral correlates of anxiety that appear relatively early in life would inform etiological models of development and allow intervention and prevention strategies to be implemented more effectively. The error-related negativity (ERN), a negative deflection in the event-related potential at fronto-central sites approximately 50 ms following the commission of errors, has been consistently found to be larger among anxious adults. The current study sought to extend these findings to even younger individuals: the ERN was elicited by a Go/NoGo task in 48 six year-old children with a clinical anxiety disorder assessed by diagnostic interview and 48 age-matched controls. In addition to child anxiety disorder, the ERN was examined in relation to maternal history of anxiety disorder, which was previously related to a smaller ERN. Anxious children were characterized by a larger (i.e., more negative) ERN and maternal history of anxiety disorder was associated with a smaller ERN. Thus, the relationship between an increased ERN and clinical anxiety is evident by age 6, and this effect appears independent from an opposing influence of maternal anxiety history on the ERN. These findings support the ERN as a promising neurobehavioral marker of anxiety, and implications are discussed. 相似文献
180.
Executive Functions in Preschool Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems: A Meta-Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim Schoemaker Hanna Mulder Maja Deković Walter Matthys 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2013,41(3):457-471
Deficits in executive functions (EF) have been found in school-age children and adolescents with externalizing behavior disorders. Present meta-analysis was carried out to determine whether these EF impairments can also be found in preschool children with externalizing behavior problems. Twenty-two studies were included with a total of 4021 children. Four separate meta-analyses were conducted, concerning overall EF, working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility. A medium correlation effect size was obtained for overall EF (ESzr?=?0.22) and for inhibition (0.24), whereas a small effect size was found for working memory (0.17) and for cognitive flexibility (0.13). Moderator analyses revealed a stronger effect for older preschoolers compared to younger preschoolers, and for children from referred samples compared to community samples. These results show that EF, especially inhibition, is related to externalizing behavior problems already in preschool years. 相似文献