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951.
Chen Chen Chun Li Hong Wang Jian‐Jun Ou Jian‐Song Zhou Xiao‐Ping Wang 《Aggressive behavior》2014,40(4):329-336
952.
Ramadhar Singh Patrick K. F. Lin Hui Lynn Tan Li Jen Ho 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(3):241-252
The greater effect of negative than positive stimuli on judgments—the positive-negative asymmetry (PNA)—is rather pervasive. However, the effects of the valence of evaluations of the participant by the partner and attitude similarity between them on attraction have been inconsistent with PNA. The hypothesis that the weighting rule instigated by the first response interferes with the weighting rule normally expected for the second response was tested. As hypothesized, evaluations and attitude similarity interacted when attraction response was assessed prior to competence response but not when competence response was assessed first. The effects in the first measured response fully mediated the effects in the second measured response but not vice versa. Implications of the finding for attraction and PNA are discussed. 相似文献
953.
Five causal explanations for heroin injection among addicted felons are summarized from extant literature: stratification hypothesis, market forces hypothesis, social network hypothesis, risk-taking syndrome hypothesis, and career intensification hypothesis. These theories were tested on a sample of 366 heroin-addicted felons from Brooklyn. Variables derived from these hypotheses correctly predicted 76 percent of the cases. The hypotheses with the strongest empirical support were the social network and risk-taking syndrome. According to the social network hypothesis, age, gender, and ethnic groups developed their own heroin subcultures that influence injecting behavior. In the risk-taking hypothesis, users who engaged in other non-drug reckless behaviors were at a higher risk of injecting heroin. The availability (street price) of heroin surfaced as the strongest correlate of heroin injection as more users self-identified as injectors during periods of lower availability. Age and longevity of heroin use were found to negatively correlate with injection. Policy implications derived from these findings are discussed. 相似文献
954.
Individuals’ development is a multilayered affair. The influence of family relationship on personality, such as and focusing on birth order, is subject to influence from other social systems in which the families are situated. The current research examined the relation of birth order to personality and life satisfaction in China, where only children have become the majority because of national policy. Across two studies with both between-family data (N = 1468) and within-family data (N = 171), onlyborns and laterborns surpassed firstborns on openness to experience. In addition, only-child participants were more satisfied with their own lives than were sibling participants, especially laterborns. The results offer new insights into the dynamic relations between ecology and personality. 相似文献
955.
Catherine E. Mosher Katherine N. DuHamel Joanne Lam Maura Dickler Yuelin Li Mary Jane Massie 《Psychology & health》2013,28(1):88-100
Women with metastatic breast cancer and significant psychological distress (N?=?87) were assigned randomly to engage in four home-based sessions of expressive writing or neutral writing. Women in the expressive writing group wrote about their deepest thoughts and feelings regarding their cancer, whereas women in the neutral writing group wrote about their daily activities in a factual manner. No statistically significant group differences in existential and psychological well-being, fatigue and sleep quality were found at 8-weeks post-writing. However, the expressive writing group reported significantly greater use of mental health services during the study than the neutral writing group (55% vs. 26%, respectively; p?<?0.05). Findings suggest that expressive writing may improve the uptake of mental health services among distressed cancer patients, but is not broadly effective as a psychotherapeutic intervention. 相似文献
956.
957.
Weerasak Chonchaiya Twila Tardif Xiaoqin Mai Lin Xu Mingyan Li Niko Kaciroti Paul R. Kileny Jie Shao Betsy Lozoff 《Developmental science》2013,16(2):159-172
Auditory processing capabilities at the subcortical level have been hypothesized to impact an individual's development of both language and reading abilities. The present study examined whether auditory processing capabilities relate to language development in healthy 9‐month‐old infants. Participants were 71 infants (31 boys and 40 girls) with both Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and language assessments. At 6 weeks and/or 9 months of age, the infants underwent ABR testing using both a standard hearing screening protocol with 30 dB clicks and a second protocol using click pairs separated by 8, 16, and 64‐ms intervals presented at 80 dB. We evaluated the effects of interval duration on ABR latency and amplitude elicited by the second click. At 9 months, language development was assessed via parent report on the Chinese Communicative Development Inventory ‐ Putonghua version (CCDI‐P). Wave V latency z‐scores of the 64‐ms condition at 6 weeks showed strong direct relationships with Wave V latency in the same condition at 9 months. More importantly, shorter Wave V latencies at 9 months showed strong relationships with the CCDI‐P composite consisting of phrases understood, gestures, and words produced. Likewise, infants who had greater decreases in Wave V latencies from 6 weeks to 9 months had higher CCDI‐P composite scores. Females had higher language development scores and shorter Wave V latencies at both ages than males. Interestingly, when the ABR Wave V latencies at both ages were taken into account, the direct effects of gender on language disappeared. In conclusion, these results support the importance of low‐level auditory processing capabilities for early language acquisition in a population of typically developing young infants. Moreover, the auditory brainstem response in this paradigm shows promise as an electrophysiological marker to predict individual differences in language development in young children. 相似文献
958.
Xia Li 《PsyCh Journal》2013,2(2):146-159
Teacher's organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a multifaceted construct that is critical to school effectiveness and to the education enterprise. Four hundred ninety‐three teachers in eight different cities on the Chinese mainland were surveyed using the OCB scale developed by Bo Shiuan Cheng, a Taiwanese scholar. The antecedent and outcome variables of OCB were examined in this study. The results showed that the teachers' attitudinal characteristics of career satisfaction and career commitment, and the dispositional characteristic of locus of control, influenced teachers' OCB. In addition, teachers' OCB influenced their work performance as well as their career and organizational turnover intention. The implications of this study suggest a base of knowledge from which school administrators could enhance their school's organizational function and retain teachers. 相似文献
959.
Xiao‐yan Cao Zhi Li Hugo M. Metcalfe Tian‐xiao Yang Shu‐ping Tan Ya Wang Xiao‐hong Hong Zhan‐jiang Li Xin Yu Eric F. C. Cheung David L. Neumann David H. K. Shum Raymond C. K. Chan 《PsyCh Journal》2013,2(3):175-182
This study aimed to examine verbal and visual‐spatial working memory (WM) dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. We compared 60 patients with schizophrenia with 57 healthy controls (matched for age, educational level, and IQ) on three WM tasks. Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly more poorly than healthy controls on verbal, visual, and spatial WM tests. Moreover, WM deficits were inversely associated with both the positive and negative symptoms of the patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are pervasive WM impairments in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, clinical features may play a significant role in the expression of WM deficits. 相似文献
960.
Jiang Jiang Yu Kou Fang Wang Ying Wu Yan‐Mei Li Yuan Li Yiyin Yang Hui Cao Qiuping Wu Shi‐Jie Jing Bi‐Jing Jiang La‐Mei Shen Ai‐Juan Li Zhongquan Li Wenjun Gao Chi‐Yue Chiu Ying‐Yi Hong Shih‐Chi Hsu Lin Zhang Bao‐Yan Yang Xiao‐Li Yang De‐Lei Zhao Zhimin Zou Qing‐Wang Wei Xia Chen Yu‐Fang Zhao Yi‐Jin Zhou Hong Chen Jianping Feng Xin Wang 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2011,14(3):207-216
A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality. 相似文献