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961.
This is a book review of “Quality of Life: Nomadological Insights—A Nomadic Exploration of Quality of Life in Long-Term Conditions”
by Monique Lhussier, published by VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, 2009. 相似文献
962.
Stefan Van der Stigchel Mark Mills Michael D. Dodd 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2010,72(5):1244-1250
The premotor theory of attention predicts that motor movements, including manual movements and eye movements, are preceded by an obligatory shift of attention to the location of the planned response. We investigated whether the shifts of attention evoked by trained spatial cues (e.g., Dodd & Wilson, 2009) are obligatory by using an extreme prediction of the premotor theory: If individuals are trained to associate a color cue with a manual movement to the left or right, the shift of attention evoked by the color cue should also influence eye movements in an unrelated task. Participants were trained to associate an irrelevant color cue with left/right space via a training session in which directional responses were made. Experiment 1 showed that, posttraining, vertical saccades deviated in the direction of the trained response, despite the fact that the color cue was irrelevant. Experiment 2 showed that latencies of horizontal saccades were shorter when an eye movement had to be made in the direction of the trained response. These results demonstrate that the shifts of attention evoked by trained stimuli are obligatory, in addition to providing support for the premotor theory and for a connection between the attentional, motor, and oculomotor systems. 相似文献
963.
P. Matthijs Bal Paul G.W. Jansen Mandy E.G. van der Velde Annet H. de Lange Denise M. Rousseau 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2010,76(3):474-486
Using a sample of post-retirement workers (N = 176), this study investigated the role of future time perspective (FTP) in psychological contracts. The study aimed to test: (i) whether future time perspective is related to employer psychological contract fulfillment and (ii) whether it moderates relations between psychological contract fulfillment and employee obligations. Based on previous work, three types of employer psychological contract fulfillment are examined: economic, socio-emotional, and developmental fulfillment. FTP was expected to relate positively to developmental fulfillment. Moreover, people with limited future time perspective were hypothesized to manifest a stronger relationship between economic and socio-emotional fulfillment and employee obligations. Results showed that future time perspective is indeed significantly related to developmental fulfillment, and also moderated the relations between contract fulfillment and employee obligations. More specifically, economic and socio-emotional fulfillments were significantly stronger related to obligations among older workers with high FTP. 相似文献
964.
Bossenbroek L Kosse N Ten Hacken N Gordijn M Van der Hoeven J De Greef M 《Perceptual and motor skills》2010,111(3):936-946
To measure activity during sleep, polysomnography and actigraphy are often used. The DynaPort MiniMod measures movement intensity and body position day and night. The goal was to examine the validity of the DynaPort MiniMod in assessing physical activity and body posture during sleep. In Study A, 10 healthy participants slept with the DynaPort MiniMod and the Actiwatch for one night. In Study B, 8 participants suspected of having Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome slept for one night with the DynaPort MiniMod and underwent complete polysomnography as part of the typical care protocol. In Study A, there was a significant moderate correlation (r = .70) between the movement scores of the Actiwatch and the DynaPort MiniMod. In Study B, a high intraclass correlation (r = .84) between body posture scores of the DynaPort MiniMod and the polysomnography position sensor was observed. The DynaPort MiniMod is a valid measurement device for physical activity during sleep. 相似文献
965.
Joël Billieux Philippe Gay Lucien Rochat Martial Van der Linden 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(11):1085-1096
The urgency facet of impulsivity, that is, the tendency to act rashly in response to intense emotional contexts [Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008). Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: positive and negative urgency. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 807-828], has been related to a wide range of maladaptive behaviours. The present study further investigates the role of urgency in problematic behaviours by considering distinct psychological mechanisms that may underlie this component of impulsivity. With this aim, 95 volunteer participants were screened with self-reported questionnaires assessing urgency and three problematic behaviours (compulsive buying, excessive mobile phone use, excessive Internet use). They performed two laboratory tasks: a stop-signal task designed to assess the capacity to inhibit prepotent responses in response to both neutral and emotional stimuli; and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) measuring the ability to take into account the future consequences of an action. A poor ability to inhibit prepotent responses in the emotional condition of the stop-signal task was found to predict more disadvantageous choices in the IGT, which ultimately results in higher urgency and more problematic behaviours. These findings shed new light on the construct of urgency, its related psychological mechanisms, and its role in problematic behaviours. 相似文献
966.
Cees A. W. Glas Wim J. van der Linden 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2010,63(3):603-626
Marginal maximum‐likelihood procedures for parameter estimation and testing the fit of a hierarchical model for speed and accuracy on test items are presented. The model is a composition of two first‐level models for dichotomous responses and response times along with multivariate normal models for their item and person parameters. It is shown how the item parameters can easily be estimated using Fisher's identity. To test the fit of the model, Lagrange multiplier tests of the assumptions of subpopulation invariance of the item parameters (i.e., no differential item functioning), the shape of the response functions, and three different types of conditional independence were derived. Simulation studies were used to show the feasibility of the estimation and testing procedures and to estimate the power and Type I error rate of the latter. In addition, the procedures were applied to an empirical data set from a computerized adaptive test of language comprehension. 相似文献
967.
Wondimu Ahmed Greetje van der Werf Alexander Minnaert Hans Kuyper 《The British journal of educational psychology》2010,80(4):583-597
Background. Recent literature on emotions in education has shown that competence‐ and value‐related beliefs are important sources of students' emotions; nevertheless, the role of these antecedents in students' daily functioning in the classroom is not yet well‐known. More importantly, to date we know little about intra‐individual variability in students' daily emotions. Aims. The objectives of the study were (1) to examine within‐student variability in emotional experiences and (2) to investigate how competence and value appraisals are associated with emotions. It was hypothesized that emotions would show substantial within‐student variability and that there would be within‐person associations between competence and value appraisals and the emotions. Sample(s). The sample consisted of 120 grade 7 students (52%, girls) in 5 randomly selected classrooms in a secondary school. Method. A diary method was used to acquire daily process variables of emotions and appraisals. Daily emotions and daily appraisals were assessed using items adapted from existing measures. Results. Multi‐level modelling was used to test the hypotheses. As predicted, the within‐person variability in emotional states accounted for between 41% (for pride) and 70% (for anxiety) of total variability in the emotional states. Also as hypothesized, the appraisals were generally associated with the emotions. Conclusions. The within‐student variability in emotions and appraisals clearly demonstrates the adaptability of students with respect to situational affordances and constraints in their everyday classroom experiences. The significant covariations between the appraisals and emotions suggest that within‐student variability in emotions is systematic. 相似文献
968.
A Note on Stochastic Ordering of the Latent Trait Using the Sum of Polytomous Item Scores 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In contrast to dichotomous item response theory (IRT) models, most well-known polytomous IRT models do not imply stochastic
ordering of the latent trait by the total test score (SOL). This has been thought to make the ordering of respondents on the
latent trait using the total test score questionable and throws doubt on the justifiability of using nonparametric polytomous
IRT models for ordinal measurement. We show that a broad class of polytomous IRT models has a weaker form of SOL, denoted
weak SOL, and argue that weak SOL justifies ordering respondents on the latent trait using the total test score and, therefore, the
use of nonparametric polytomous IRT models for ordinal measurement. 相似文献
969.
Celebrated people often seem larger than life. In a series of experiments, and with observational data, we asked whether an association exists between regard for the action capabilities of soccer players and perceptual estimations of their size. Higher regard resulted in overestimations of size, and momentary modifications of apparent action capability resulted in overestimations or underestimations of size directly related to performance success or failure, respectively. 相似文献
970.