The effect of motion at encoding and retrieval for same- and other-race face recognition

In an experimental study, we assessed the role of motion when encoding and recognizing unfamiliar faces, using an old/new recognition memory paradigm. Our findings revealed a clear advantage for learning unfamiliar faces moving non-rigidly, compared with static faces. This advantage for motion was found with both same- and other-race faces. Furthermore, results indicate that it is more important that the face is learnt in motion than recognized from a moving clip. Interestingly, despite a reliable other-race effect being revealed, participants were able to utilize motion information exhibited by other-race faces in a manner akin to the motion advantage found for same-race faces. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the nature of the stored face representations, considering whether the facilitative role found here can be explained by factors other than motion per se.     

Developmental Trajectories of Maladaptive Perfectionism in Middle Childhood

The developmental trajectories of maladaptive perfectionism, along with their consequences and origins, were examined in middle childhood. A sample of Singaporean children and their parents (N = 302) were recruited for a longitudinal study when the children were 7 years old. Subsequent follow‐up assessments were made at ages 8, 9, and 11. A multimethod approach was adopted where parent reports, child reports, and observational data on a dyadic interaction task were obtained. Using latent class growth modeling, four distinct classes were obtained for critical self‐oriented perfectionism (SOP‐C), whereas two classes emerged for socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP). Children with high and/or increasing SOP‐C and SPP trajectories constituted 60% and 78% of the sample, respectively. For both SOP‐C and SPP, trajectories with high initial status were associated with higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Parental intrusiveness and negative parenting predicted high and/or increasing SOP‐C trajectories, whereas the child temperament dimension of surgency predicted high SPP trajectory. Both SOP‐C and SPP trajectories tended to co‐occur, suggesting a mutually reinforcing process. This study yields important findings that help advance current understanding of the emergence and developmental pathways of maladaptive perfectionism in children.     

4～6岁幼儿对口语和文字信息的信任及运用

研究以混合物分类为实验任务,探讨在面对口语和文字两种信息时,4~6岁中国幼儿的信任特点,在信任任务之后的即时和延时两个时间点上考察幼儿对所信任信息的运用,以及分析阅读水平对幼儿信息信任和运用的影响。研究结果表明:(1)4~6岁中国幼儿对不同类型信息都表现出高度信任,相较于口语信息,阅读水平高的幼儿表现出对文字信息的信任偏好;(2)幼儿在后续任务中较少运用所信任的信息,随着时间的推移,幼儿运用的口语信息持续减少,但文字信息的运用呈现先降后升的特点;(3)阅读水平在不同时间点上影响幼儿对所信任信息的运用,阅读水平低的幼儿在短时间内更多地运用口语信息,而阅读水平高的幼儿在更长时间里显著更多地使用文字信息。未来研究应进一步探究文字意识对幼儿文字信息信任和后续运用的作用。     

Counterfactuals and Context-Sensitivity

It is commonly agreed that when evaluating the validity of an argument involving context-sensitive expressions, the context should be held fixed. In their 2008 essay “Counterfactuals and Context,” Brogaard and Salerno argue further that context should be held fixed when evaluating an argument involving counterfactuals for validity, since, as many will agree, counterfactuals are context-sensitive. In the present paper, it will however be argued that Brogaard and Salerno fail to distinguish between two different roles that context plays in determining the meaning of a given counterfactual. If they were fully aware of the distinction between these two roles played by context, they might propose a contextualist approach to counterfactuals, as has been developed by Ichikawa in his 2011 paper “Quantifiers, Knowledge, and Counterfactuals.”     

健康教育及口腔疾病的健康教育处方

生物-心理-社会医学模式的健康观是符合社会发展的时代的产物.随着生活水平的提高,人们对于健康的追求也有了很大程度提高.人们不满足于对疾病的防治,而是要提高生活质量.只有明确什么是健康,追求健康才会有目标,故而健康教育的意义就显得尤为重要.本文就防治口腔疾病的个性化健康教育方案进行了探讨,相信在不久的将来口腔健康教育处方的重要性将会众所周知.     

谈心理学中的价值中立与价值负载

价值取向是心理学不可回避的一个问题。笔者从研究者的角度入手,阐述了价值中立与价值负载在哲学意义上的缘起和内涵;接下来从问题确定、方法选择、结果解释等方面结合具体的心理学理论和流派,对研究者的价值取向进行整理和研究;最后,理清了价值中立与价值负载的关系。研究者应该奉行适度的价值中立并坚持批判性的价值负载,尽可能地遵循心理现象的内在规律而减少主观干扰,从而不断接近价值中立状态以便促进心理学的有效发展。     

中国本土化心理治疗的回顾与思考

心理治疗的理论建构、价值取向和具体操作,受到社会文化的深刻影响,而现代的心理治疗理论及操作技术多产生于西方,所以应该研究创立中国本土化的心理治疗理论及操作技术。通过对中国古代传统心理治疗和现代西方心理治疗中国化的回顾,分析中国文化和哲学对本土心理治疗的影响,探讨发展中国本土化心理治疗的途径。     

中国古代辟疫思想的当代启示

通过对以未病先防为主导的中国古代主要辟疫思想及方法的回顾与思考,探讨了其对今天传染病预防的参考价值.认识到在当代传染病预防工作中,借鉴中国古代医学的思想与实践之精粹或许可为当代新发传染病的防治另辟新径,以期能对现代传染病的预治有所启示.     

Facile route to synthesising mesoporous SBA-15 using phosphoric acid

A facile route has been developed to synthesise mesoporous SBA-15 using mild H₃PO₄ (replacing the most commonly used strong acid HC1) as the medium and the effects of H₃PO₄ concentration and synthesis temperature on the mesostructure and morphology of the resultant materials investigated. The results demonstrate that a more ordered structure can be obtained at low H₃PO₄ concentration (1–2?M), while a higher H₃PO₄ concentration (3–4?M) results in a less ordered structure. Furthermore, the morphology of SBA-15 particles transforms from rod-like to sphere-like with increasing H₃PO₄ concentration.     

绿色消费情境下消费者为什么会言行不一?

绿色消费情境下的态度-行为差异表现为个体对绿色产品所持态度与实际购买行为之间的不一致性。在可持续发展成为消费趋势之一的今天对该问题的研究具有重要意义。研究梳理了绿色消费行为中态度-行为差异的基本解释机制, 在此基础上系统总结了自2010年以来个体心理层面的实证研究, 并将营销与社会规范方面的相关研究成果与其进行整合。结合国内的研究现状, 未来的研究需要在测量方法、与其他经济变量之间的关系、动机性因素、学习与信任机制、跨文化研究等方面做进一步深入探讨。