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排序方式: 共有163条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
131.
Ashiq Ali Shah 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》1999,2(2):245-264
This study reports the construction of an attitude scale called a "Shah attitude scale." This scale overcomes the problems of scale construction and attitude measurement in test-alien cultures peculiar to Western scales. The major problems with the use of these scales are the non-correspondence of the samples used in scale construction and attitude measurement, difficulty of their use with the illiterate and rural samples, unfamiliarity of their verbal character and the response modality. Our scale is simple to construct and can be easily used with every section of society. Its conceptualization and development is based upon the agreed upon bipolar definition of attitude and the ideas derived from well-known attitude scales. The scale is based upon trait adjectives and can be used easily in cross-cultural attitudinal studies. 相似文献
132.
Priti Gupta Pragya Shah Swochchhanda Shrestha Sharon Gilad-Gutnick Suma Ganesh Tapan Gandhi Pawan Sinha 《Developmental science》2023,26(1):e13258
Judgments of facial attractiveness invariably accompany our perception of faces. Even neonates appear to be capable of making such judgments in a manner consistent with adults. This suggests that the processes supporting facial attractiveness require little, if any, visual experience to manifest. Here we investigate the resilience of these processes to several years of early-onset visual deprivation. Specifically, we study whether congenitally blind children treated several years after birth possess the ability to rate facial attractiveness in a manner congruent to normally sighted individuals. The data reveal significant individual variability in the way each newly sighted child perceives attractiveness. This is in marked contrast to data from normally sighted controls who exhibit strong across-subject agreement in facial attractiveness ratings. This variability may be attributable, in part, to atypical facial encoding strategies used by the newly sighted children. Overall, our results suggest that the development of facial attractiveness perception is likely to be vulnerable to early visual deprivation, pointing to the existence of a possible sensitive period early in the developmental trajectory. 相似文献
133.
Guillaume Lamotte Raj C. Shah Orly Lazarov Daniel M. Corcos 《Journal of motor behavior》2017,49(4):365-377
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the prevalence will increase dramatically in the next decades. Although exercise has shown benefits for people with dementia due to AD as well as their caregivers, the impact of a dyadic exercise intervention including both groups as study participants remains to be determined. The authors review the current clinical evidence for dyadic exercise interventions, which are exercise regimens applied to both the person with dementia and the caregiver. A total of 4 controlled trials were reviewed. This review shows that dyadic exercise interventions are feasible and may produce a positive effect on functional independence and caregiver burden. However, there was insufficient evidence to support a benefit of dyadic exercise intervention on cognitive performance and on behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in participants with dementia due to AD. A dyadic exercise intervention improves functional independence and caregiver burden. However, there is a need for well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials to confirm these benefits and to investigate several important points such as the effects of a dyadic exercise intervention on cognitive and noncognitive outcomes of AD, the optimal intensity of exercise training, and the cost effectiveness of such a program. 相似文献
134.
The relationship between dynamic strain ageing (DSA) and serrated flow has been investigated via alternately switching strain rates at various temperatures in a Mg–3Nd–1Zn alloy. The results reveal that serrated flow is enhanced with decreasing strain rate and increasing temperature and tends to vanish, while the DSA continually intensifies as revealed by a higher flow stress even after the serration flow disappears. A mechanism is proposed, which could explain some abnormal deformation behaviour, such as a negative strain rate sensitivity and thermal hardening. 相似文献
135.
Cindy Lustig Priti Shah Rachael Seidler Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz 《Neuropsychology review》2009,19(4):504-522
As the population ages, the need for effective methods to maintain or even improve older adults’ cognitive performance becomes
increasingly pressing. Here we provide a brief review of the major intervention approaches that have been the focus of past
research with healthy older adults (strategy training, multi-modal interventions, cardiovascular exercise, and process-based
training), and new approaches that incorporate neuroimaging. As outcome measures, neuroimaging data on intervention-related
changes in volume, structural integrity; and functional activation can provide important insights into the nature and duration
of an intervention’s effects. Perhaps even more intriguingly, several recent studies have used neuroimaging data as a guide
to identify core cognitive processes that can be trained in one task with effective transfer to other tasks that share the
same underlying processes. Although many open questions remain, this research has greatly increased our understanding of how
to promote successful aging of cognition and the brain. 相似文献
136.
Ananish Chaudhuri Sarah Ali Khan Aishwarya Lakshmiratan Anne‐Laure Py Lisa Shah 《决策行为杂志》2003,16(5):331-340
We use a two‐person extensive form bargaining game to explore individuals' trusting and reciprocal behavior and how those relate to their scores on a trust survey. In keeping with prior research, we find that the ‘self‐interested’ outcome is rejected by a majority of individuals. People who score high on the trust survey are both trusting and are also trustworthy, in that they reciprocate others' trust. But people with low‐trust scores often exhibit trust but are not trustworthy. These ‘inconsistent trusters’ seem to be interested in exploiting the trust and trustworthiness of others in increasing their own payoff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
137.
138.
Performance on task switching, a paradigm commonly used to measure executive function, has been shown to improve with practice. However, no study has tested whether these benefits are specific to the tasks learned or are transferable to new situations. We report evidence of transferable improvement in a cued, randomly switching paradigm as measured by mixing cost, but we report no consistent improvement for switch cost. Improvement in mixing costs arises from a relative reduction in time to perform both switch and nonswitch trials that immediately follow switch trials, implicating the ability to recover from unexpected switches as the source of improvement. These results add to a growing number of studies demonstrating generalizable improvement with training on executive processing. 相似文献
139.
Risk avoidance: Graphs versus numbers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There have long been speculations that graphical and numerical presentations of risk statistics differ in their impact on
people’s willingness to pursue actions that could harm or even kill them. But research has been unclear about the processes
whereby the pictorial character of graphical displays per se might affect those risky decisions or even whether such effects
actually occur. In two studies, we demonstrate that the pictorial nature of a graphical risk display can, indeed, increase
risk avoidance. This increase is associated with a heightened impression of the riskiness of less safe alternatives. The results
suggest that this picture-driven, intensified sense of riskiness, in turn, rests on two kinds of mechanisms: one cognitive,
the other affective. Cognitively, pictorial presentations impose weaker upper bounds on people’s internal representations
of the chances that riskier alternatives will bring about actual harm. Affectively, pictures ignite stronger, more aversive
negative associations with riskier options and their outcomes. 相似文献
140.
Shah J 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2003,85(3):424-439
Three studies manipulate the accessibility of significant-other representations to explore how these representations may automatically influence how goals are construed and experienced. Study 1 finds that the perceived attainment expectations of a significant other automatically affect participants' own task-goal expectations and their subsequent task performance and persistence. Study 2 finds that the general perceived value that a significant other places in attaining a task goal automatically affects participants' own attainment value appraisals, their task persistence and performance, and the magnitude of their reaction to success and failure feedback. Finally, Study 3 demonstrates that the regulatory focus prescribed by a significant other may automatically affect participants' own regulatory focus with regards to a task goal, with consequences for their cheerfulness-dejection and relaxation-agitation responses to success and failure feedback. The implications for our understanding of social influence and self-regulation are discussed. 相似文献