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871.
Kevin Rathunde 《Journal of Adult Development》2010,17(2):81-93
The present article suggests that lifelong learning is enhanced by the capacity to make experiential course corrections that
lead back to states of interest and flow experience. The notion of experiential wisdom is introduced to describe such a capacity
for navigation. A person with experiential wisdom recognizes that optimal experiences are more likely to occur when an affectively
charged intuitive mode works in synchrony with a deliberative rational mode and is better able to cultivate situations where
the interrelation of these two modes is optimized. The first part of the article provides a framework for understanding experiential
wisdom and the regulation of optimal experience. The second part illustrates the practice of experiential wisdom by drawing
on interviews with three distinguished lifelong learners—poet Mark Strand, social scientist Donald Campbell, and medical researcher
Jonas Salk. 相似文献
872.
Kevin A. Hommel Kelly L. McGraw Robert T. Ammerman James E. Heubi Molly Hansen Ellen Dunlap Deborah C. Beidel 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(2):159-166
The current study examined the prevalence and presentation of psychosocial symptoms in pediatric patients and their parents
presenting for first time appointments at a gastroenterology (GI) clinic compared to healthy controls (HC). One hundred GI
patients, aged 8-17 years, and their mothers were compared to 100 age- and gender-matched HC on measures of child and parental
behavioral/psychosocial functioning, depression, and anxiety. Results revealed significant correlations between mother- and
child-reported internalizing behaviors and psychological symptoms. Significant group differences were observed in internalizing
problems, adaptive and social skills, and leadership competency, as well as parental interpersonal sensitivity, depression,
phobic anxiety, and number of psychological symptoms. GI patients are at increased risk for psychosocial and social dysfunction
compared to healthy peers. Psychosocial factors should be considered when assessing patients in GI clinics. Patients might
benefit from treatment plans that involve adjunctive behavioral intervention to assist patients in managing their conditions. 相似文献
873.
The argument has been made that religious and spiritual (R/S) forms of treatment, or R/S adaptations of existing treatments, are an appropriate, culturally sensitive, and potentially efficacious method of intervention when working clinically with religious patients experiencing psychological, behavioral, or physiological dysfunction. The previous articles in this special series describe four such interventions designed for use with patients with particular presenting problems including serious mental illness, cancer, eating disorders, and scrupulosity. This article offers a brief historical presentation on the growth of interest in R/S in clinical psychology and behavioral medicine, with particular attention to the general issue of the role of values in therapy, and includes criticisms of integrating R/S in treatment. The difficulty of appreciating unique R/S perspectives and their relevance for particular clients is emphasized and the question of whether a “true” understanding of R/S beliefs necessarily leads to better health is examined. Each of the four therapies presented in this special series is individually analyzed, and it is clear that they offer sensitive and culturally relevant approaches to treating the various disorders, though areas of potential improvement or possible confusion are highlighted. Finally, the following are deemed essential if R/S-informed therapies are to impact the field and be appropriately introduced with clients: (a) training of future and current practitioners; (b) longitudinal research on R/S; (c) outcome studies of R/S interventions; and (d) adequate funding for the achievement of these goals. 相似文献
874.
Kevin Pinkston 《The Journal of social psychology》2015,155(3):189-203
This study replicates and extends the experimental design originated by Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001), who found a decrease in implicit pro-White biases after exposure to pictures of admired Black individuals. A nationally representative sample was analyzed comparing implicit pro-White biases among Black and White participants. Hypothesis 1 (H1) predicted a replication of previous research among White participants, and H2, derived from the balanced identity theory, predicted an increased pro-Black bias among Blacks after exposure to admired Black individuals. Results provided partial support for H1 and a lack of support for H2. This is the first study to use a nationally representative sample to examine implicit pro-White biases. System justification theory was used to explain the malleability gap in Black and White pro-racial biases. 相似文献
875.
Kevin McCain 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2015,53(4):471-480
The “problem of forgotten evidence” is a common objection to evidentialist theories of epistemic justification. This objection is motivated by cases where someone forms a belief on the basis of supporting evidence and then later forgets this evidence while retaining the belief. Critics of evidentialist theories argue that in some of these cases the person's belief remains justified. So, these critics claim that one can have a justified belief that is not supported by any evidence the subject possesses. I argue that these critics are mistaken. 相似文献
876.
Kevin Vallier 《Canadian journal of philosophy》2015,45(2):139-158
I drive a wedge between public deliberation and public justification, concepts tightly associated in public reason liberalism. Properly understood, the ideal of public justification imposes no restraint on citizen deliberation but requires that those who have a substantial impact on the use of coercive power, political officials, advance proposals each person has sufficient reason to accept. I formulate this idea as the Principle of Convergent Restraint and apply it to legislators to illustrate the general reorientation I propose for the public reason project. 相似文献
877.
Wen Luo Kevin J. Cappaert Ling Ning 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2015,68(2):342-362
This article proposes an approach to modelling partially cross‐classified multilevel data where some of the level‐1 observations are nested in one random factor and some are cross‐classified by two random factors. Comparisons between a proposed approach to two other commonly used approaches which treat the partially cross‐classified data as either fully nested or fully cross‐classified are completed with a simulation study. Results show that the proposed approach demonstrates desirable performance in terms of parameter estimates and statistical inferences. Both the fully nested model and the fully cross‐classified model suffer from biased estimates of some variance components and statistical inferences of some fixed effects. Results also indicate that the proposed model is robust against cluster size imbalance. 相似文献
878.
879.
To function well in an unpredictable environment using unreliable components, a system must have a high degree of robustness. Robustness is fundamental to biological systems and is an objective in the design of engineered systems such as airplane engines and buildings. Cognitive systems, like biological and engineered systems, exist within variable environments. This raises the question, how do cognitive systems achieve similarly high degrees of robustness? The aim of this study was to identify a set of mechanisms that enhance robustness in cognitive systems. We identify three mechanisms that enhance robustness in biological and engineered systems: system control, redundancy, and adaptability. After surveying the psychological literature for evidence of these mechanisms, we provide simulations illustrating how each contributes to robust cognition in a different psychological domain: psychomotor vigilance, semantic memory, and strategy selection. These simulations highlight features of a mathematical approach for quantifying robustness, and they provide concrete examples of mechanisms for robust cognition. 相似文献
880.
Victoria A. McGowan Sarah J. White Kevin B. Paterson 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2015,27(5):609-621
Recent evidence indicates that older adults (aged 65+) are more disrupted by removing interword spaces than young adults (aged 18–30). However, it is not known whether older readers also show greater sensitivity to the more subtle changes to this spacing that frequently occur during normal reading. In the present study the eye movements of young and older adults were examined when reading texts for which interword spacing was normal, condensed to half its normal size or expanded to 1.5 times its normal size. Although these changes in interword spacing affected eye movement behaviour, this influence did not differ between young and older adults. Furthermore, a word frequency manipulation showed that these changes did not affect word identification for either group. The results indicate that older adults can adapt their eye moment behaviour to accommodate subtle changes in the spatial layout of text equally effectively as young adults. 相似文献