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91.
Haier RJ Jung RE Yeo RA Head K Alkire MT 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(2):246-251
Response time (RT) generally slows with aging, but the contribution of structural brain changes to this slowing is unknown.
We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to determine gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain volumes in 9 middle-aged adults
(38–58 years old) and 9 seniors (66–82 years old). We correlated brain volumes with RT assessed in both a simple visual stimulus-response
task and a visual continuous recognition memory task. No GM correlations with simple RT were significant; there was one WM
correlation in the right fusiform gyrus. In the memory task, faster RT was correlated (p<.05, corrected) with less GM in the globus pallidus, the parahippocampus, and the thalamus for both groups. Several Brodmann areas (BA) differed between
the groups such that in each area, less GM was correlated with slower RTs in the middle-aged group but with faster RTs in the senior group (BAs 19, 37, 46, 9, 8, 6, 13, 10, 41, and 7). The results suggest that individual differences in
specific brain structure volumes should be considered as potential moderating factors in cognitive brain imaging studies. 相似文献
92.
Flannelly KJ Weaver AJ Handzo GF Smith WJ 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2005,59(1-2):87-96
A random sample of hospital administrators throughout the United States was surveyed about their views on the importance of eleven chaplain roles and functions. The 494 respondents fell into three categories: (1) directors of pastoral care departments (N = 132); (2) administrators of hospitals that have a pastoral care department (N = 180); and (3) administrators of hospitals that do not have a pastoral care department (N = 182). All three groups considered all eleven roles to be relatively important, although administrators of hospitals that do not have a pastoral care department gave lower ratings, overall. Meeting the emotional needs of patients and relatives were seen as chaplains most important roles, whereas performing religious rituals and conducting religious services were seen as least important by all three groups. In all but a few instances, the level of importance that administrators assigned to the various roles were positively related to their ratings of their own religiousness and spirituality (r's = .11 to .26, p < .05). 相似文献
93.
McNulty, Harkness, Ben-Porath and Williams recently developed Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-A (MMPI-A). This study examined these new scales in a sample of 545 adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. Item-level principal components analyses were employed to determine the internal structure of each PSY-5 scale and to aid in the creation of facet subscales for each PSY-5 scale. Results suggest that the MMPI-A PSY-5 scales display adequate internal consistency and our findings generally replicate the original work of McNulty et al. but also extend this work by showing that several of the PSY-5 scales may also be subdivided into meaningful lower level dimensions. These facet subscales for each of the MMPI-A PSY-5 scales are offered for further study. 相似文献
94.
Weaver AJ Flannelly KJ Koenig HG Smith FD 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2004,58(4):343-350
Based on the content analysis of quantitative research appearing in three medical journals, the authors conclude that, despite the shared ideal of providing spiritual care to patients on the part of physicians and chaplains, there is little attention given in these journals demonstrating and promoting this shared perspective. Suggestions for future research that would focus on this common medicine/religion interface and concern are noted. 相似文献
95.
Raters who pursue different goals give different ratings 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
J. N. Cleveland and K. R. Murphy (1992) suggested that phenomena such as rater errors and interrater disagreements could be understood in terms of differences in the goals pursued by various raters. We measured 19 rating goals of students at the beginning of a semester, grouped them into scales, and correlated these with teacher evaluations collected at the end of the semester. We found significant multiple correlations, both within classes and in an analysis of the pooled sample (adjusting for instructor mean differences, incremental R2 =.08). Measures of rating goals obtained after raters had observed a significant proportion of ratee performance accounted for variance (incremental R2 =.07) not accounted for by measures of goals obtained at the beginning of the semester. 相似文献
96.
College students generated autobiographical memories from distinct emotional categories that varied in valence (positive vs. negative) and intensity (high vs. low). They then rated various perceptual, cognitive, and emotional properties for each memory. The distribution of these emotional memories favored a vector model over a circumplex model. For memories of all specific emotions, intensity accounted for significantly more variance in autobiographical memory characteristics than did valence or age of the memory. In two additional experiments, we examined multiple memories of emotions of high intensity and positive or negative valence and of positive valence and high or low intensity. Intensity was a more consistent predictor of autobiographical memory properties than was valence or the age of the memory in these experiments as well. The general effects of emotion on autobiographical memory properties are due primarily to intensity differences in emotional experience, not to benefits or detriments associated with a specific valence. 相似文献
97.
This study evaluated the predictive validity of violence risk assessments conducted using the HCR-20, the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV), and by the Violence Screening Checklist (VSC) in a sample of 268 involuntarily hospitalized male and female psychiatric patients. Information pertaining to violence and crime was coded from medical charts and correctional records. The HCR-20/PCL:SV evidenced modest non-significant associations in postdictive assessments of inpatient violence among men. Moderate to strong significant associations were found between the HCR-20/PCL:SV and inpatient violence among women. Pseudo-prospective assessments using the HCR-20 and PCL:SV resulted in moderate to large relationships with violence and crime in men and women following community discharge. It is concluded that the VSC is a promising tool for assessing acute inpatient violence risk with men. Findings offer preliminary validation of the predictive validity of the HCR-20 and PCL:SV with female civil psychiatric patients. 相似文献
98.
Schmitt DP Alcalay L Allik J Angleitner A Ault L Austers I Bennett KL Bianchi G Boholst F Borg Cunen MA Braeckman J Brainerd EG Caral LG Caron G Casullo MM Cunningham M Daibo I De Backer C De Souza E Diaz-Loving R Diniz G Durkin K Echegaray M Eremsoy E Euler HA Falzon R Fisher ML Foley D Fry DP Fry S Ghayur MA Golden DL Grammer K Grimaldi L Halberstadt J Haque S Herrera D Hertel J Hoffmann H Hooper D Hradilekova Z Hudek-Kene-evi J Jaafar J Jankauskaite M Kabangu-Stahel H Kardum I Khoury B 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2004,86(4):560-584
99.
Marjoribanks K 《Psychological reports》2004,94(1):176-178
Relations were examined among family social status, learning environments, individual characteristics, and young adults' interest in new ideas. Data were collected from 19-yr.-old Australians (4,609 females and 4,174 males), as part of a longitudinal investigation. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the predictors combined to have a small association with young adults' interest in new ideas. 相似文献
100.
Marjoribanks K 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2004,165(2):134-147
In this longitudinal study, which is a follow-up analysis of a previous investigation (K. Marjoribanks, 2002a), the author examined environmental and individual influences on the likelihood of Australian young adults attending university. Participants were 5,181 Anglo-Australian (parents born in Australia, English was the language of the family), 460 Asian, 699 English (parents born in England), 746 European, and 163 Middle Eastern students (M age = 14.7 years, when the study began). The analyses indicated that Asian, European, and Middle Eastern young adults were more likely to attend university than were young adults from Anglo-Australian and English families, and young women had higher odds of attending university than did young men. Family social status variations in the likelihood of university attendance could be explained by differences in individual characteristics and proximal learning environments. Adolescents' individual characteristics and proximal learning environments combined to have a large independent association with the decision to attend university. 相似文献