Kevin F. Steinmetz  Thomas J. Holt  Karen M. Holt 《Deviant behavior》2020,41(8):936-948

ABSTRACT

Research has demonstrated that hacker subculture – like many other tech-oriented communities – is disproportionately composed of men. While prior attempts have been made to explain this disparity, few, if any, explore the role of subculture in this gendered divide. Drawing from feminist theories, subcultural theory, and cultural criminology, this theoretical analysis examines the intersection of gender, social structure, hegemony, situated action, and subculture to argue that hacker subculture is (1) male-dominated and androcentric, (2) mired in language, like meritocratic rhetoric, which masks inequity, and (3) conducive to forms of sexual harassment and gendered exclusion. Implications for hacking research and subcultural theory are discussed throughout.  相似文献   

    

Gail Boldt  Kevin M. Leander 《Reading Psychology》2020,41(6):515-532

Abstract

Working through four key tenets of Deleuze–Guattarian theory, the authors describe how contemporary affect theory offers a radically different perspective on reading. Asking how we can conceptualize reading differently if we conceptualize affect differently, we argue that possible meanings of reading or experiences of reading must be considered not as inherent to internal experiences of reading but as composed and recomposed in sets of affective relations. Using an example of two children reading, we consider how reading, as a material doing, takes up and is taken up by bodies, materials, spaces, histories, feelings, and ideas. To consider affect as the property of sets of present relations rather than of the individual prompts us to consider how the various elements assemble and break apart to produce intensities in which reading participates. Deprivileging human intentionality or motivations, we ask, “In a given instance, what conditions of possibility are being produced and for whom, and how are participants taking up or being moved by those conditions?” We conclude with suggestions for how contemporary affect theory can reorient our understanding of reading research.  相似文献   

    

James S. Magnuson  Heejo You  Sahil Luthra  Monica Li  Hosung Nam  Monty Escabí  Kevin Brown  Paul D. Allopenna  Rachel M. Theodore  Nicholas Monto  Jay G. Rueckl 《Cognitive Science》2020,44(4):e12823

Despite the lack of invariance problem (the many-to-many mapping between acoustics and percepts), human listeners experience phonetic constancy and typically perceive what a speaker intends. Most models of human speech recognition (HSR) have side-stepped this problem, working with abstract, idealized inputs and deferring the challenge of working with real speech. In contrast, carefully engineered deep learning networks allow robust, real-world automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the complexities of deep learning architectures and training regimens make it difficult to use them to provide direct insights into mechanisms that may support HSR. In this brief article, we report preliminary results from a two-layer network that borrows one element from ASR, long short-term memory nodes, which provide dynamic memory for a range of temporal spans. This allows the model to learn to map real speech from multiple talkers to semantic targets with high accuracy, with human-like timecourse of lexical access and phonological competition. Internal representations emerge that resemble phonetically organized responses in human superior temporal gyrus, suggesting that the model develops a distributed phonological code despite no explicit training on phonetic or phonemic targets. The ability to work with real speech is a major advance for cognitive models of HSR.  相似文献   

    

Andrew P. Blowers  Nicole M. Rodriguez  Victoria L. Cohrs  Kevin C. Luczynski  Michael Aragon 《Behavioral Interventions》2020,35(3):432-445

Elopement can have serious or fatal consequences associated with leaving the presence of an adult or getting lost (e.g., traffic injury and drowning). Given the dangers associated with elopement, caregivers are likely to chase after their child when elopement occurs. Like other forms of attention that follow problem behavior, chasing and retrieving the child may serve as a reinforcer and therefore maintain elopement. However, no study to date has evaluated whether elopement is sensitive to positive reinforcement in the form of chase. We evaluated the effects of chase on elopement with an 8‐year old boy diagnosed with autism. Elopement was maintained, at least in part, by chase. We then conducted a treatment evaluation in which we tested the effects of various antecedent‐ and consequence‐based treatment components within a multiple schedule.  相似文献   

    

Daniel R. Mitteer  Kevin C. Luczynski  Ciobha A. McKeown  Victoria L. Cohrs 《Behavioral Interventions》2020,35(1):3-24

We evaluated whether teaching tacts of images with or without backgrounds would affect acquisition during teaching and generality across untaught targets with four children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Including backgrounds could slow acquisition but bolster generality across other media containing backgrounds, whereas removing backgrounds may improve acquisition but result in poorer generality. Overall, acquisition rates were similar across conditions for three children, although one child displayed consistently slower acquisition during the background condition. We rarely observed generality to untaught targets when programming extinction, but embedding differential reinforcement or teaching additional images with backgrounds led to equally successful outcomes irrespective of initial teaching conditions. Teaching with or without backgrounds may result in marginal differences in acquisition of teaching and untaught targets, especially when arranging supplemental procedures during tests for generality. We discuss the importance of intrasubject replication, considerations when testing for generality, and implications for practice.  相似文献   

    

Ludovic Ferrand  Stphanie Ducrot  Pierre Chausse  Norbert Maïonchi‐Pino  Richard J. O&#x;Connor  Benjamin A. Parris  Patrick Perret  Kevin J. Riggs  Maria Augustinova 《Developmental science》2020,23(2)

Only one previous developmental study of Stroop task performance (Schiller, 1966) has controlled for differences in processing speed that exist both within and between age groups. Therefore, the question of whether the early developmental change in the magnitude of Stroop interference actually persists after controlling for processing speed needs further investigation; work that is further motivated by the possibility that any remaining differences would be caused by process(es) other than processing speed. Analysis of data from two experiments revealed that, even after controlling for processing speed using z‐transformed reaction times, early developmental change persists such that the magnitude of overall Stroop interference is larger in 3rd‐ and 5th graders as compared to 1st graders. This pattern indicates that the magnitude of overall Stroop interference peaks after 2 or 3 years of reading practice (Schadler & Thissen, 1981). Furthermore, this peak is shown to be due to distinct components of Stroop interference (resulting from specific conflicts) progressively falling into place. Experiment 2 revealed that the change in the magnitude of Stroop interference specifically results from joint contributions of task, semantic and response conflicts in 3rd‐ and 5th graders as compared to a sole contribution of task conflict in 1st graders. The specific developmental trajectories of different conflicts presented in the present work provide unique evidence for multiple loci of Stroop interference in the processing stream (respectively task, semantic and response conflict) as opposed to a single (i.e. response) locus predicted by historically – favored response competition accounts.  相似文献   

    

Kitty Vivekananda  Carrie Parratt  Mignon Tucker  Rosemary Leonard 《Australian psychologist》2020,55(4):410-422

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The Assent of Faith and the Unity of the Form in Biblical Exegesis: Balthasar’s Response to Rahner     

Kevin M. Clarke 《Heythrop Journal》2020,61(6):989-997

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Kevin P. Weinfurt 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2020,20(5):18-20

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Ross Winchester;Kevin Hovey;Johannes M. Luetz; 《International review of missions》2024,113(1):92-114

Contextualization has featured prominently in missiological research for decades, often alongside concepts such as syncretism and hybridity. Being typically conceived as attempts to transpose and communicate the gospel in words and ways that make sense to people in their local cultural settings, contextualization has been theorized extensively in missiological scholarship. Notwithstanding this longstanding scholarly interest, a dearth of research recognizes in-service training as a valid expression of contextualization praxis. This article addresses this knowledge gap. Set in the contemporary church context in Thailand, the article explores questions, issues, and trends of current theological training practice, considering future opportunities for indigenous leadership formation. The analysis converges around the central proposition that in-service training is an under-recognized strategy for leadership development in Thailand and beyond. Conceptualizing opportunities for future research, the review charts pertinent perspectives and prospects for in-service training. This article embodies a timely research agenda aimed at sidestepping undue reliance on Western-dominated hermeneutics while at the same time advocating for indigenous theological training approaches in countries of the majority world.  相似文献