全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1909篇 |
免费 | 118篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 54篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 64篇 |
2017年 | 71篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 57篇 |
2014年 | 66篇 |
2013年 | 222篇 |
2012年 | 105篇 |
2011年 | 118篇 |
2010年 | 82篇 |
2009年 | 73篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 98篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 78篇 |
2004年 | 66篇 |
2003年 | 72篇 |
2002年 | 73篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 29篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2037条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
Pain and fear often co-occur and appear to interact, although the nature and direction of their relation is not clearly delineated. The present study investigates how exposure to the experience of one of these states subsequently affects responding to the other. Pressure stimulation and carbon dioxide-enriched air (CO2) were used to induce pain and fear, respectively, in 48 healthy individuals. The order in which the stimuli were introduced was manipulated, as was the CO2 level. Measures of overt behavior, physiological responding, and self-report were obtained; analyses of stimuli effects generally supported their ability to produce pain or fear. Results indicate that the stimulus rated as the most aversive, the higher level of CO2, led to the highest levels of distressed responding across dependent measures. This pattern was replicated for the stimuli found to be less aversive (i.e., pressure stimulation and low-level CO2, respectively). The authors conclude that fear and pain, in and of themselves, do not dictate the nature of their interaction; the most important factor is how aversive they are perceived to be in relation to one another. 相似文献
182.
Understanding the operating characteristics of theory of mind is essential for understanding how beliefs, desires, and other mental states are inferred, and for understanding the role such inferences could play in other cognitive processes. We present the first investigation of the automaticity of belief reasoning. In an incidental false-belief task, adult subjects responded more slowly to unexpected questions concerning another person's belief about an object's location than to questions concerning the object's real location. Results in other conditions showed that responses to belief questions were not necessarily slower than responses to reality questions, as subjects showed no difference in response times to belief and reality questions when they were instructed to track the person's beliefs about the object's location. The results suggest that adults do not ascribe beliefs to agents automatically. 相似文献
183.
Conditions under which children experience inhibitory difficulty with a "button-press" go/no-go task
Go/no-go tasks seem to provide a simple marker of inhibitory development in young children. Children are told to respond to one stimulus on go trials but to make no response to another stimulus on no-go trials; responding on no-go trials is assumed to reflect a failure to inhibit the go response. However, there is evidence to suggest that a type of go/no-go task, which we call the "button-press" task, does not require inhibition. We investigated the conditions under which young children (M=3 years 6 months, N=120) experience inhibitory difficulty with this type of task. The data suggest that the speed of stimulus presentation is crucial and that other studies using this type of task have presented the stimuli too briefly. The importance of establishing the inhibitory credentials of a task before it is used as a marker of inhibitory control is emphasized. 相似文献
184.
Kevin Carnahan 《Heythrop Journal》2010,51(4):713-713
185.
Ockham’s razor is the principle that, all other things being equal, scientists ought to prefer simpler theories. In recent
years, philosophers have argued that simpler theories make better predictions, possess theoretical virtues like explanatory
power, and have other pragmatic virtues like computational tractability. However, such arguments fail to explain how and why
a preference for simplicity can help one find true theories in scientific inquiry, unless one already assumes that the truth is simple. One new solution to that problem is
the Ockham efficiency theorem (Kelly 2002, Minds Mach 14:485–505, 2004, Philos Sci 74:561–573, 2007a, b, Theor Comp Sci 383:270–289, c, d; Kelly and Glymour 2004), which states that scientists who heed Ockham’s razor retract their opinions less often and sooner than do their non-Ockham
competitors. The theorem neglects, however, to consider competitors following random (“mixed”) strategies and in many applications
random strategies are known to achieve better worst-case loss than deterministic strategies. In this paper, we describe two
ways to extend the result to a very general class of random, empirical strategies. The first extension concerns expected retractions,
retraction times, and errors and the second extension concerns retractions in chance, times of retractions in chance, and
chances of errors. 相似文献
186.
Dube WV Dickson CA Balsamo LM O'Donnell KL Tomanari GY Farren KM Wheeler EE McIlvane WJ 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2010,94(3):297-313
Restricted stimulus control refers to discrimination learning with atypical limitations in the range of controlling stimuli or stimulus features. In the study reported here, 4 normally capable individuals and 10 individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) performed two-sample delayed matching to sample. Sample-stimulus observing was recorded with an eye-tracking apparatus. High accuracy scores indicated stimulus control by both sample stimuli for the 4 nondisabled participants and 4 participants with ID, and eye tracking data showed reliable observing of all stimuli. Intermediate accuracy scores indicated restricted stimulus control for the remaining 6 participants. Their eye-tracking data showed that errors were related to failures to observe sample stimuli and relatively brief observing durations. Five of these participants were then given interventions designed to improve observing behavior. For 4 participants, the interventions resulted initially in elimination of observing failures, increased observing durations, and increased accuracy. For 2 of these participants, contingencies sufficient to maintain adequate observing were not always sufficient to maintain high accuracy; subsequent procedure modifications restored it, however. For the 5th participant, initial improvements in observing were not accompanied by improved accuracy, an apparent instance of observing without attending; accuracy improved only after an additional intervention that imposed contingencies on observing behavior. Thus, interventions that control observing behavior seem necessary but may not always be sufficient for the remediation of restricted stimulus control. 相似文献
187.
188.
189.
Kevin Morris 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2010,48(4):393-416
Realization can be roughly understood as a kind of role‐playing, a relationship between a property that plays a role and a property characterized by that role. This rough sketch previously received only moderate elaboration; recently, however, several substantive theories of realization have been proposed. But are there any general constraints on a theory of realization? What is a theory of realization supposed to accomplish? I first argue that a view of realization is viable, in part, to the extent that physical realization under that view explains or accounts for why instances of realized properties are necessitated by how things are physically in a modally strong sense. In this sense, I claim that physical realization should explain physical supervenience. I then call into question two alternative desiderata and raise a challenge for attempts to explicate realization in terms of isomorphism or analogy. Finally, I explain how a causal‐functional account of realization, as well as less demanding accounts, can meet the preferred desideratum. 相似文献
190.
David Schultz Archana Ambike Sean Kevin Logie Katherine E. Bohner Laura M. Stapleton Holly VanderWalde Christopher B. Min Jennifer A. Betkowski 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):601-613
Crick and Dodge’s (Psychological Bulletin 115:74–101, 1994) social information processing model has proven very useful in guiding research focused on aggressive and peer-rejected children’s
social-cognitive functioning. Its application to early childhood, however, has been much more limited. The present study responds
to this gap by developing and validating a video-based assessment tool appropriate for early childhood, the Schultz Test of
Emotion Processing—Preliminary Version (STEP-P). One hundred twenty-five Head Start preschool children participated in the
study. More socially competent children more frequently attributed sadness to the victims of provocation and labeled aggressive
behaviors as both morally unacceptable and less likely to lead to positive outcomes. More socially competent girls labeled
others’ emotions more accurately. More disruptive children more frequently produced physically aggressive solutions to social
provocations, and more disruptive boys less frequently interpreted social provocations as accidental. The STEP-P holds promise
as an assessment tool that assesses knowledge structures related to the SIP model in early childhood. 相似文献